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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cell walls structure?
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Structure- cellulose, carbohydrate, fibre so is hard to break down, woven
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What is the function if the cell wall?
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Protection
Support Compartmentalisation |
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What is the structure of chloroplasts?
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Outer membrane
Inner membrane, filled with stroma Inside, disk shaped structures called thylakoids |
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What is the function of chloroplasts?
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photosynthesis
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What is the structure of a vacuole?
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Biggest organelle
Membrane/tonoplast |
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What is the function of a vacuole
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Stores water/food
Turgid Provides support |
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What is the structure of undulipodia (flagella/cilia)
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Microtubules- 9 pairs and 2 in the middle
Protein - actin and tubulin Flagella bigger |
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What is the function of undulipodia
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Cilia moves mucus
Flagella movement e.g sperm cell or bacteria |
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What is the structure of a cytoskeleton?
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Protein- actin and tubulin
Microtubules and microfilaments |
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What is the function of a cytoskeleton?
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Long and strong to strengthen cells
Support Movement inside the cell Transport |
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Definition of resolution?
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The degreento which it is possible to distinguish between two objects which are very close together.
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Definition of magnification?
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The degree to which the size of an image is larger than the object its self.
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The light microscope
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Magnification= 1500
Resolution= 200nm Adv= colour, cheap, easy Dis= Low resolution |
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The SEM microscope
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Magnification= 100000
Resolution= 0.1nm Adv= high resolution, depth of field Dis= expensive, no living specimens, black and white |
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The TEM Microscope
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Magnification= 500000
Resolution= 0.1nm Adv= high resolution Dis= expensive, no living specimens, black and white |
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Calculating magnification
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I=AxM
Image size= Actual size x Magnification (must be in um) |
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What is the structure of a nucleus/nuclear envelope?
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Nuclear envelope with pores to let put protiens.
Instructions for protien synthesis. Nucleolus produces RNA and ribosomes. |
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The function of the nucleus?
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Carries DNA
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The structure of the endoplastic reticulum?
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Rough ER- membrane
continuous with the nucleus Cisternae Attached ribosomes |
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What is the function of the Rough endoplastic reticulum?
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Protien synthesis
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What is the structure of the smooth ER?
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membrane continuous with the nucleus
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What is the function of the smooth ER?
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Lipid synthesis
Some steroid hormones |
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What is the structure of the golgi appartatus?
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Flattened membrane
Bound sacs |
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What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
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Modifies and packages protiens into vesicles for secretion
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What is the structure of mitochondria?
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Outer membrane
Inner membrane Matrix Inter membrane space Large surface area |
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What is the function of a mitochondria?
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Provides energy throigh ATP synthesis
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What is the structure of lysosmes?
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Membrane bound
Contains digestive enzymes Near golgi apparatus |
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Function of lysosmes?
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Used for breaking down materials
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Structure of ribosomes?
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No membrane
2 subunits- small and large |
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Function of ribosomes?
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Takes protien recipe and produces proteins from amino acids
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Structure of centrioles?
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Found in pairs
Next to nucleus |
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Function of centrioles?
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Produces spindles which move chromosomes during cell division.
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Organelles involved in protien synthesis?
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Nucleus
Rough endoplastic reticulum Golgi apparatus Ribosomes Lysosmes |
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What are prokaryotes?
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Prokaryotes are bacteria
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What is the function of capsules?
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Helps bacteria to stick together
Hide antigens |
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What happens in Vertical gene transfer?
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DNA is copied
Splits in 2 Repeats its self |
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What happens in horizontal gene transfer?
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Join in conjagation
Cell membranes form a 'bridge' to connect cells Takes plasmid and copies Passes to other bacteria Separates |
