Biology Test Cells Unit

Front 1

Robert Hooke

Back 1

first man to see cells, he looked at plant cells through a microscope

Front 2

Anton van Leuwenhoek

Back 2

first person to see animal cells under a microscope

Front 3

Matthias Scheiden

Back 3

declared all plants are made of cells

Front 4

Theodor Schwann

Back 4

Declared all animals are made of cells

Front 5

Rudolph Virchow

Back 5

All cells come from other living cells

Front 6

cell wall

Back 6

rigid barrier found in plants, bacteria, and fungi that provides structure and support

Front 7

centriole

Back 7

organelles that attach to spindle fiber during mitosis in animal cells. look like little stars

Front 8

cell membrane

Back 8

thin, flexible barrier that regulates what goes in and out of a cell

Front 9

cytoplasm

Back 9

the gelatnous substance that supports all organelles and is the site for cellular metabolism

Front 10

golgi apparatus

Back 10

packages proteins for release and ships them from the cell

Front 11

nucleus

Back 11

control center that stores the cell's DNA and contains info neded to make proteins

Front 12

nucleolus

Back 12

manufactures ribosomes inside the nucleus

Front 13

lysosome

Back 13

breaks down food particles the cell can use (does digestion). Can also be the self-destruct button of the cell

Front 14

mitochondrion

Back 14

powerhouse of the cell; site of cellular respiration

Front 15

ribosome

Back 15

makes proteins using DNA from the nucleus

Front 16

endoplasmic reticulum

Back 16

forms vesicles and provides transport for proteins in the cell. can be rough or smooth

Front 17

vacuole

Back 17

stores water and nutrients for the cell. plants have 1 large one and animal cells have many

Front 18

cytoskeleton

Back 18

helps the cell keep its shape through a network of microtubules

Front 19

chloroplast

Back 19

site for photosynthesis makes energy for plants

Front 20

what is the purpose of the flagella in some cells?

Back 20

MOVEMENT

Front 21

the 2 types of molecules in the cell membrane

Back 21

proteins, lipids

Front 22

Cyclins

Back 22

a protein that regulates the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Front 23

prokaryotic cells

Back 23

1) DON'T have a nucleus
2) have ribosomes, cell wall, mitochondrion
3) types of organisms are bacteria such as ecoli staphylococcus aureus

Front 24

eukaryotic

Back 24

1) have a nucleus
2) has cytoplasm, lysosome, ribosomes
3)types of organisms: plants, animals, fungi

Front 25

osmosis

Back 25

movement of water through a cell membrane

Front 26

solutions that have a lower amount of solute are...

Back 26

hypertonic

Front 27

solutions with a higher amount of solute are...

Back 27

hypotonic

Front 28

solutions with an equal amount of solute are...

Back 28

isotonic

Front 29

diffusion

Back 29

movement of molecules through a cell membrane from where they are crowded to where they are less crowded

Front 30

which type of diffusion requires input of energy (ATP) from the cell?

Back 30

Active transport

Front 31

What are the differences between passive and active transport?

Back 31

active transport:energy is required to move material from an area of low concentration to high
passive: moves material from an area of high concentration to low, no energy required

Front 32

the bursting of a host cell

Back 32

lysis

Front 33

how are viruses classified?

Back 33

in accordance with which genetic material makes up their viral core (i.e. host or shape)

Front 34

size of virus compared to bacteria

Back 34

virus is smaller

Front 35

some viruses have what that helps them enter their host cell?

Back 35

an outer tail

Front 36

two main parts of a virus

Back 36

1) head
2) tail