Biology 1-Cells Unit Vocabulary Part 1

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Nucleus

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: a cell part that is characteristic of all living things with the exception of prokaryotes that is necessary for heredity and for making proteins, that contains the chromosomes, and that is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

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DNA

Back 2

any of various nucleic acids that are usually the molecular basis of heredity, are localized especially in cell nuclei, and are constructed of a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between purine and pyrimidine bases.

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Nuclear envelope
(Nuclear Membrane)

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The double-layered membrane enclosing the nucleus of a cell.

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Cytoplasm

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The protoplasm outside the nucleus of a cell.

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Cell membrane
(plasma membrane)

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The semipermeable membrane that encloses the cytoplasm of a cell;controls passage of substances in and out of the cell

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Mitochondria

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any of various round or long cellular organelles of most eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus, produce energy for the cell through cellular respiration, and are rich in fats, proteins, and enzymes.

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Golgi Body
(Golgi apparatus)

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a cytoplasmic organelle that consists of a stack of smooth membranous saccules and associated vesicles and that is active in the modification and transport of proteins.

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Endoplasmic reticulum

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a system of interconnected vesicular and lamellar cytoplasmic membranes that functions especially in the transport of materials within the cell and that is studded with ribosomes in some places.

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vesicle

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a membranous and usually fluid-filled pouch (as a cyst, vacuole, or cell) in a plant or animal.

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Vacuole

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A small cavity in the cytoplasm of a cell, bound by a single membrane and containing water, food, or metabolic waste.

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Leucoplast

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a colorless plastid especially in the cytoplasm of interior plant tissues that store foods like stach.

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Chloroplast

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a plastid that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.

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Chromoplast

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a colored plastid usually containing red or yellow pigment (as carotene).

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Plastid

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any of various cytoplasmic organelles of photosynthetic cells that serve in many cases as centers of special metabolic activities.

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Chlorophyll

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the green coloring matter of plants that is found in chloroplasts and is necessary for photosynthesis.

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Lysosome

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A part of an animal cell that breaks down foreign material and dead cell.

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Ribosome

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Responsible for making proteins. Found on the surface of the Endoplasmic Reticulum or in the cytoplasm.

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Cilia

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A microscopic hairlike process extending from the surface of a cell or unicellular organism. It acts in unison with other such structures to bring about the movement of the cell or of the surrounding medium.

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Flagella

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A long, threadlike appendage, especially a whiplike extension of certain cells or unicellular organisms that functions as an organ of locomotion.

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Cell

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The smallest structural unit of an organism that is capable of independent functioning.

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Tissue

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An aggregation of morphologically similar cells and associated intercellular matter acting together to perform one or more specific functions in the body.

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Organ

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a differentiated structure (as a heart or kidney) consisting of cells and tissues and performing some specific function in an organism.

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Organ System

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A group of different organs working together to do a certain job.

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Organism

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An individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus; a body made up of organs, organelles, or other parts that work together to carry on the various processes of life.

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Prokaryote

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An organism characterized by the absence of a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, and by DNA that is not organized into chromosomes.

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Eukaryote

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Multicellular organism whose cells contain a distinct membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

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Cell Wall

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The usually rigid nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and encloses and supports the cells of most plants.

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Microtubule

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Any of the proteinaceous cylindrical hollow structures that are distributed throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, providing structural support and assisting in cellular locomotion and transport.

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Microfilament

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Any of the minute fibers located throughout the cytoplasm of cells, composed of actin and functioning primarily in maintaining the structural integrity of a cell.