Biology Test #5 Chapter 31

Front 1

Humans have managed plant genes for _____ years.

Back 1

10,000

Front 2

Humans have manipulated ____ and _____.

Back 2

plants, plant genes

Front 3

Grasses that we get our main carbohydrates and energy in our diet from, important in our diet

Back 3

wheat, corn, rice

Front 4

two groups of angiosperms

Back 4

monocots and eudicots (a.k.a. dicots)

Front 5

embryonic leaves called seed leaves

Back 5

cotyledons

Front 6

Monocots have ___ cotyledon(s) and eudicots have ___ cotyledon(s).

Back 6

1, 2

Front 7

The first structure that emerges from the soil when a seed germinates are the ______

Back 7

seed leaves

Front 8

Monocots are primarily _____ such as _________.

Back 8

grasses; wheat, corn, rice, palm trees, lilies

Front 9

Eudicots are the vast majority of plants that people are familiar with such as

Back 9

trees, most plants grown in garden, geraniums, daisies, flowering plants, beans

Front 10

Differences between monocots and dicots are the number of _____. The leaves are arranged differently, monocots have _____ veins while dicots have _____ vein patterns. Monocots' vascular bundles are ______ while dicots vascular bundles are arranged _____. Monocots flower parts come in ____ or multiples of __, while dicots come in __ or __ or multiples of these. Monocots have ___ roots, while dicots have ___ roots.

Back 10

cotyledons, parallel, branched, scattered through, in a ring, 3s, 3s, 4s, 5s, fibrous, taproots.

Front 11

tissues that transport water and nutrients

Back 11

vascular tissues

Front 12

roots - a mat of threads that spreads out below the soil surface

Back 12

fibrous roots

Front 13

vertical root that goes deep into the soil

Back 13

taproot

Front 14

3 basic organs that a typical plant body contains

Back 14

roots, stems, leaves

Front 15

What plant organ absorbs water and minerals from soil?

Back 15

roots

Front 16

Roots absorb ____ and ___ from soil.

Back 16

water and minerals

Front 17

Shoots are made up of ____ and _____

Back 17

stems, leaves

Front 18

Shoots absorb the ____ energy and ____ from the air.

Back 18

sun's, carbon dioxide

Front 19

Plant roots ____ plant, absorb ____ and _____, and _____ food.

Back 19

anchor, water, nutrients, store

Front 20

Stems, leaves and reproductive structures make up the plant ____.

Back 20

shoots

Front 21

Stems provide _____ and leaves carry out _____.

Back 21

support, photosynthesis

Front 22

a bud at the tip of the stem

Back 22

terminal bud

Front 23

buds where there is one formed in each of the angles formed by a leaf and the stem

Back 23

axillary buds

Front 24

the points at which leaves are attached

Back 24

nodes

Front 25

the portions of stem between nodes

Back 25

internodes

Front 26

the stalk that joins a leaf to a stem

Back 26

petiole

Front 27

Many roots are modified for food _____.

Back 27

storage

Front 28

Many times roots include additional ____ for the plant

Back 28

support

Front 29

system of roots on the exterior of the stem that help it remain upright on windy days so it can still receive sunlight

Back 29

adventitious roots

Front 30

Plants where you see adventitious roots

Back 30

external parts of a corn stalk, tropical trees

Front 31

Large taproots store ____.

Back 31

starches

Front 32

Plants that have large taproots that store starches

Back 32

carrots, turnips, sugar beets, sweet potatoes

Front 33

Leaf modifications

Back 33

protection (cactus spine) - modified eaves that protect the plant from being eaten by animals and climbing (pea plant tendril) modified stems

Front 34

3 tissue systems that form the plant body

Back 34

dermal tissue, vascular tissue, ground tissue

Front 35

a group of cells with a common structure, function, or both

Back 35

tissue

Front 36

one or more tissues organized into a functional unit within a plant

Back 36

tissue system

Front 37

What tissue system forms an outer protective covering?

Back 37

dermal tissue system

Front 38

What tissue system acts as the first line of defense against physical damage and infectious organisms?

Back 38

dermal tissue system

Front 39

single layer of tightly packed cells present in many plant's dermal tissue systems

Back 39

epidermis

Front 40

What tissue system is used for support & long distance transport?

Back 40

vascular tissue system

Front 41

What tissue system is made up of xylem and phloem?

Back 41

vascular tissue system

Front 42

What tissue system is made up of tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular?

Back 42

ground tissue system

Front 43

What tissue system accounts for the bulk of the plant body; food production, storage, and support?

Back 43

Ground tissue system

Front 44

a waxy layer that reduces water loss present in dermal tissue

Back 44

cuticle

Front 45

A cuticle is a ____ layer that reduces _____.

Back 45

waxy, water loss

Front 46

Vascular tissue is made up of the ____ and _____ and arranged in ______.

Back 46

xylem, phloem, bundles

Front 47

What tissue is between dermal & vascular tissue?

Back 47

Ground Tissue

Front 48

ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue

Back 48

pith

Front 49

ground tissue external to the vascular tissue

Back 49

cortex

Front 50

The stem has ___ and ____.

Back 50

pith, cortex

Front 51

The ground tissue system of a leaf is called ______

Back 51

mesophyll

Front 52

consists mainly of photosynthetic parenchyma cells

Back 52

mesophyll

Front 53

5 major types of plant cells

Back 53

1. parenchyma cells
2. collenchyma cells
3. sclerenchyma cells
4. water-conducting cells
5. food-conducting cells

Front 54

cells that are the most common in plants; characteristics: thin cell walls, photosynthesis, food storage

Back 54

parenchyma cells

Front 55

What cells are most common in plants?

Back 55

parenchyma cells

Front 56

What cells have cell walls that are unevenly thickened and their main function is to provide flexible support?

Back 56

collenchyma cells

Front 57

What cells have rigid support, are dead at maturity, and long thin fibers in bundles?

Back 57

sclerenchyma cells

Front 58

What cells are dead at maturity, in chains that form tubes and = the vascular tissue called xylem?

Back 58

water-conducting cells

Front 59

What cells, also known as sieve tube members are responsible for food conduction, are alive at maturity, and companion cells have all the organelles? Ex: Phloem

Back 59

Food-conducting cells

Front 60

Plants that grow for 1 year, focus energy in _____.

Back 60

annuals, reproduction

Front 61

Plants that live for 2 years

Back 61

biennials

Front 62

Plants that live for many years, focus energy in ______.

Back 62

perennials, surviving winter

Front 63

Most crops are ____ (in terms of how long they live)

Back 63

annuals

Front 64

Most plant growth is _____, meaning it occurs throughout a plant's life.

Back 64

indeterminate

Front 65

Animal growth is _____ meaning that growth stops after a certain size is reached.

Back 65

determinate

Front 66

regions of active cell division

Back 66

meristems

Front 67

tips of roots & shoots

Back 67

apical meristems

Front 68

_____ growth occurs at apical meristems.

Back 68

Primary

Front 69

In primary growth, roots ________ and shoots grow __ toward ____.

Back 69

push down through the soil, up, sun

Front 70

consists of cells that divide frequently generating additional cells

Back 70

meristem

Front 71

meristems at the tips of roots and in the buds of shoots

Back 71

apical meristems

Front 72

The process of cell division in the apical meristems that produces the new cells that enable a plant to grow in length

Back 72

primary growth

Front 73

increase in thickness of stems and roots

Back 73

secondary growth

Front 74

What type of growth is caused by the activity of dividing cells called lateral meristems?

Back 74

secondary growth

Front 75

2 cylinders of dividing cells that extend along the length of roots & shoots, part of secondary growth

Back 75

lateral meristems

Front 76

Xylem is ____ while phloem is ____.

Back 76

inside, outside

Front 77

a type of water-conduction cell in the xylem that lacks perforations in the cell wall

Back 77

tracheid