Biology Lab Final

Front 1

Taxis refers to movement in response to a what, in general?

Back 1

stimulus

Front 2

A Chi-squared test that shows significant difference allows us to reject what?

Back 2

null hypothesis

Front 3

What is the reproductive organ in flowers?

Back 3

flowers

Front 4

Angiosperms are divided into two main groups based on the number of _______________________.

Back 4

cotyledons

Front 5

After pollen reaches the stigma a(n) _______ forms to connect to the ovary.

Back 5

pollen tube

Front 6

The anther and filament together form the ______, the male part of a flower.

Back 6

stamen

Front 7

What is the study of tissues called?

Back 7

histology

Front 8

What type of tissue is the skin?

Back 8

stratified squamous epithelial

Front 9

What type of tissue is blood?

Back 9

connective

Front 10

Cardiac muscle cells are divided by ________.

Back 10

intercalated discs

Front 11

What phylum do sea stars belong to?

Back 11

echinodermata

Front 12

In terms of embryonic development, sea stars and chordates are both what?

Back 12

deuterostomes

Front 13

Sea stars display ________ symmetry in the larval stage and _____ symmetry in the adult stage.

Back 13

bilateral, radial

Front 14

What is a keystone species?

Back 14

an organism that exerts control over the diversity of an ecosystem; sea stars are a keystone predator

Front 15

What is the hard disk on the dorsal side of the sea star called?

Back 15

madreporite

Front 16

What is the gill cover called in fish?

Back 16

operculum

Front 17

What cavity allows air passage to the pharynx while the animal is chewing?

Back 17

nasal cavity

Front 18

characteristic feature of angiosperms

Back 18

flower

Front 19

the reproductive organ of the angiosperms

Back 19

flower

Front 20

the function of a flower

Back 20

to produce gametes and seeds

Front 21

the male gamete in flowering plants

Back 21

pollen

Front 22

the female gamete in flowering plants

Back 22

ovule

Front 23

male sex organs of a flower

Back 23

stamens

Front 24

stamens are made up of what two parts?

Back 24

anther, filament

Front 25

What produces pollen?

Back 25

anther

Front 26

What is the stalk supporting the anther called?

Back 26

filament

Front 27

the female sex organ of a flower

Back 27

carpel

Front 28

contains the ovule

Back 28

ovary

Front 29

modified leaves that attract pollinators

Back 29

petals

Front 30

modified leaves

Back 30

sepals

Front 31

fertilization process in plants

Back 31

pollination

Front 32

The fertilized ovule develops into an ______ within the _____.

Back 32

embryo, ovary

Front 33

The embryo is connected to the ovary wall by the ______.

Back 33

funiculus

Front 34

The ______ delivers nutrients from maternal tissues to the embryo.

Back 34

funiculus

Front 35

A ________ remains at the point of attachment to the seed and is analogous to your belly button.

Back 35

funicular scar

Front 36

tissue within the ovary that provides nutrients to the developing embryo

Back 36

placenta

Front 37

mature embryo of a flower

Back 37

seed

Front 38

a mature ovary that contains mature seeds within structure known as the pericarp

Back 38

fruit

Front 39

tissues derived from the ovary wall

Back 39

pericarp

Front 40

hard outer husk of a peanut

Back 40

pericarp

Front 41

papery brown wrapping surrounding a peanut

Back 41

seed coat

Front 42

A peanut has ___ cotyledons.

Back 42

2

Front 43

What type of fruits develop from a single flower containing a single ovary that may have multiple ovules within it? Examples?

Back 43

simple fruits, peas, beans, peanuts, pepper, tomato, citrus (orange, lemon), cucumber, squash, watermelon, cherry, peach, olive, apple, pear

Front 44

What type of fruits develop from more than one ovary? Examples?

Back 44

complex fruits, strawberry, blackberry, magnolia, pineapple

Front 45

any overt manifestation of life evidenced by an animal, especially one that takes the form of movements

Back 45

orientation behavior

Front 46

a sequence of movements that can be characterized by a specific configuration in time and space

Back 46

behavior pattern

Front 47

the process that animals use to organize their behavior with respect to spacial features

Back 47

orientation

Front 48

a movement that does not involve orientation with reference to the source of the stimulus

Back 48

kinesis

Front 49

orienting the animal's body in some manner relative to the stimulus

Back 49

taxis

Front 50

If the stimulus is light, it is known as _____.

Back 50

phototaxis

Front 51

when the movement is directed towards the light

Back 51

positive phototaxis

Front 52

when the movement is directed away from the light

Back 52

negative phototaxis

Front 53

Animal used in the orientation behavior experiment

Back 53

planaria

Front 54

groups of photoreceptor cells in the planaria that allow the animal to sense the light levels in its environment

Back 54

eye spots, eye cups

Front 55

two types of hypotheses

Back 55

null and alternative

Front 56

there will be no effect

Back 56

null hypothesis

Front 57

there will be an effect

Back 57

alternative hypothesis

Front 58

animals are exposed to the light in what part of the orientation behavior experiment?

Back 58

control experiment

Front 59

animals can move under a dark cover in what part of the orientation behavior experiment?

Back 59

treatment

Front 60

The Chi-square test is used to test the _______.

Back 60

null hypothesis

Front 61

If the sample Chi-square is greater than the critical Chi-square, the _______ can be rejected.

Back 61

null hypthesis

Front 62

Cells are organized into _____.

Back 62

tissues

Front 63

a group of cells that have similar structures and functions

Back 63

tissue

Front 64

An _____ is composed of several different types of tissues integrated in such a way that the _____ can carry out its particular function.

Back 64

organ (x2)

Front 65

composed of several organs working together to accomplish a set of body functions

Back 65

organ system

Front 66

study of tissues

Back 66

histology

Front 67

4 types that vertebrate tissues are generally grouped into:

Back 67

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Front 68

_____ tissue lines external and internal surfaces for protection and may be modified for secretion.

Back 68

Epithelial

Front 69

_____ tissue cells secrete extracellular materials to fill, bind, and support the body.

Back 69

Connective

Front 70

_____ tissue is composed of contractile cells that aid in movement and pumping blood.

Back 70

Muscle

Front 71

_____ tissue is composed of cells specialized for receiving, filtering, and transmitting stimuli as electrochemical impulses.

Back 71

Nervous

Front 72

An _____ surrounds the outer surface of the body, lines the digestive tract, the circulatory system, and the body cavity and organs.

Back 72

epithelium

Front 73

2 ways of classifying epithelia:

Back 73

1. by the number of cell layers
2. the shape of the cells

Front 74

A _____ epithelium has a single layer of cells

Back 74

simple

Front 75

A _____ epithelium has multiple tiers of cells

Back 75

stratified

Front 76

A _____ epithelium is single-layered, but appears to be stratified because the cells vary in length.

Back 76

pseudostratified

Front 77

For epithelial tissues, the shape of the cells exposed on the free surface may be _____, _____, or _____.

Back 77

cuboidal (square), columnar (rectangular), squamous (flattened)

Front 78

_____ _____ epithelia have cells that are flattened and irregular in shape; forms the gas exchange surface lining the lungs, the walls of capillaries, ad the peritoneal lining surrounding the organs and body cavity

Back 78

simple squamous

Front 79

_____ _____ epithelia line outer surfaces that are constantly abraded such as the skin and esophagus. These cells are continually soughed off and undergo rapid replacement from cells near the basement membrane.

Back 79

stratified squamous

Front 80

_____ _____ epithelia line kidney tubules and make up salivary glands

Back 80

simple cuboidal

Front 81

_____ _____ epithelia have tall and narrow cells that form the inner cell layer lining of the intestine

Back 81

simple columnar

Front 82

_____ epithelia have tapered cells that appear to be stratified but are not; line the upper respiratory tract

Back 82

pseudostratified

Front 83

attaches epithelia to underlying tissue, serves as filler to support organs. Contains collagenous, elastic and reticular fibers

Back 83

loose connective tissues

Front 84

a specialized loose connective tissue that stores fat

Back 84

adipose tissue

Front 85

a dense connective tissue composed of tightly packed parallel inelastic collagenous fibers that serve as strong attachments

Back 85

dense fibrous connective tissue

Front 86

tendons attach _____ to _____

Back 86

muscle, bone

Front 87

ligaments attach _____ to _____

Back 87

bone (x2)

Front 88

Tough flexible connective tissue
Matrix of chondoitin sulfate secreted by chondrocytes and many imbedded collagenous fibers
Nose, ears, skeleton of infants

Back 88

hyaline cartilage

Front 89

connective tissue: mixture of hydroxyapatite secreted by osteocytes, basic unit is the osteon surrounding a central canal

Back 89

bone

Front 90

Connective tissue in liquid matrix called plasma; contains erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets; cells are produced in marrow of bone

Back 90

blood

Front 91

Basic unit is neuron composed of cell body, axon, and dendrite
- Transmit impulses

Back 91

nervous tissue

Front 92

Basic unit is muscle fibers
Composed of two types of myofibrils

Back 92

muscle tissue

Front 93

Very long cells that are multinucleated
Under voluntary control

Back 93

skeletal/striated muscle

Front 94

- Contract slowly
- Involuntary
- Surround arteries, line digestive tract

Back 94

smooth muscle tissue

Front 95

- Myogenic-self stimulating
- Appear separated, but are divided by intercalated discs
- Conduct impulse from cell to cell

Back 95

cardiac muscle tissue

Front 96

the first opening in the embryo becomes the mouth in the adult

Back 96

protosomes

Front 97

the second opening in the embryo becomes the mouth in the adult

Back 97

deuterostomes

Front 98

The phylum Echinodermata have no ______ organs.

Back 98

excretory

Front 99

What feature gives the echinodermata phylum its name?

Back 99

dermal skeleton

Front 100

Besides just a dermal skeleton, Echinodermata have a ______ skeleton also.

Back 100

internal

Front 101

The most unique organ system in echinodermata is derived from the coelem, provides locomotion, excretion, respiration and food gathering functions

Back 101

water-vascular system

Front 102

The water-vascular system opens to the outside of the organism through a small pore called the ______ and powers the tentacle-like projections called ______.

Back 102

madreporite, tube feet

Front 103

In echinodermata, the gametes are usually released into the water, and ______ is external

Back 103

fertilization

Front 104

most ecologically important and familiar group of echinoderms

Back 104

asteroidea

Front 105

Many groups of the phylum echinodermata have the ability to regenerate ______.

Back 105

lost body parts

Front 106

Starfish have another type of symmetry called ______ (five arms projecting from the center disc)

Back 106

pentaradial

Front 107

away from the mouth

Back 107

aboral

Front 108

At the tip of each arm, starfish have ______.

Back 108

eyespots

Front 109

the entrance to the water-vascular system, located at the spot where two of the arms meet

Back 109

madreporite

Front 110

grooves running down the center of each arm on the starfish's oral side

Back 110

ambulacral groove

Front 111

digestive glands in the starfish

Back 111

pyloric cecum

Front 112

long tube that extends down the center of the pyloric cecae

Back 112

pyloric duct

Front 113

carries material from the pyloric stomach out to the extremities

Back 113

pyloric duct

Front 114

under the pyloric cecum, is the ______

Back 114

gonads

Front 115

rows of tiny thin-walled bulb-like structures in the starfish

Back 115

ampullae

Front 116

muscle contraction by the ______ forces water into the tube feet

Back 116

ampullae

Front 117

a delicate structure lying just below the surface of the central disc

Back 117

pyloric stomach

Front 118

From the madreporite, a small curved white tube that extends toward the interior of the animal

Back 118

stone canal

Front 119

The stone canal leads to the ______, which encircles the central disc

Back 119

ring

Front 120

The perch are in what group of embryonic development?

Back 120

deuterostomes

Front 121

The perch possess a dorsal solid cartilaginous rod called a ______

Back 121

notochord

Front 122

The perch belongs to the phylum ______

Back 122

Chordata

Front 123

The perch has lung-like derivatives known as ______

Back 123

gas-bladder

Front 124

The perch has a ______ circulatory system.

Back 124

closed

Front 125

blood is enclosed within vessels

Back 125

closed circulatory system

Front 126

The perch has a ______ chambered heart.

Back 126

2

Front 127

Water flowing in the mouth and out the gills flows in the ______ direction from the blood in the capillaries near the surface of the gills and allows a ______ exchange of gases dissolved in the water and the blood.

Back 127

opposite, counter-current

Front 128

towards the front/rear

Back 128

anterior/posterior

Front 129

towards the head/tail (used for most vertebrate anatomy)

Back 129

cephalic, caudal

Front 130

towards the head/tail (used for the human anatomy)

Back 130

superior/inferior

Front 131

towards the top [backbone] / bottom [belly]

Back 131

dorsal/ventral

Front 132

towards the middle/outside

Back 132

medial/lateral

Front 133

away from/near to

Back 133

distal/proximal

Front 134

in the rat, an organ which is generally gray or reddish brown, nearly fills the abdomen and has four lobes that must be lifted to expose the some of the internal organs

Back 134

liver

Front 135

the intestines of the rat are sheathed and connected to other organs and blood vessels within a membrane called the ______

Back 135

mesentery

Front 136

mainly reabsorbs water and stores undigested fecal material

Back 136

large intestine or colon

Front 137

the terminal end of the colon

Back 137

rectum

Front 138

the rectal orifice that opens to the outside

Back 138

anus

Front 139

where bile is stored

Back 139

gall bladder

Front 140

an organ that produces many digestive enzymes that are released into in the the digestive tract to break down proteins, lipids, carbs, and nucleic acids; a long thin gland that is attached to the mesentery between the stomach and small intestine and often is brownish in color

Back 140

pancreas

Front 141

the system that includes the excretory and reproductive organs

Back 141

urogenital system

Front 142

a lymphoid organ located in the neck region ventral to the esophagus

Back 142

thymus

Front 143

a transverse muscle separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity

Back 143

diaphragm

Front 144

tube connecting seed

Back 144

finiculus

Front 145

a ______ pine cone catches pollen, closes up

Back 145

female

Front 146

a ______ pine cone is fleshy and releases pollen

Back 146

male

Front 147

The shell of the peanut is the ______.

Back 147

pericarp

Front 148

2 halfs of the peanut

Back 148

cotyledons

Front 149

papery part on the outside of the peanut

Back 149

seed coat

Front 150

The cardiac stomach of the starfish which is averted at the mouth is located on the ______ side.

Back 150

ventral

Front 151

The pyloric stomach of the starfish is located on the ______ side.

Back 151

dorsal

Front 152

cover that goes over gills

Back 152

operculum

Front 153

In the perch, under the air bladder is the ______.

Back 153

kidney

Front 154

The liver of the perch has ______ lobes.

Back 154

2

Front 155

If there's a pin in the back region of the perch, it's probably the ______.

Back 155

kidney

Front 156

Sand dollars have ______.

Back 156

dorsal plates

Front 157

A gland in rats located above the heart

Back 157

thymus

Front 158

muscle on the rat- triangle on the dorsal side

Back 158

lattisimus dorsi

Front 159

The ______ is next to the trachea in the rat.

Back 159

esophagus

Front 160

There is a ______ lobe liver in the rat.

Back 160

4

Front 161

Underneath the liver in the rat, in order are the:

Back 161

stomach, spleen, pancreas

Front 162

The uterus in the rat is ______ shaped.

Back 162

V

Front 163

bag off of the large intestine

Back 163

cecum

Front 164

On the final the ______ will probably have fecal pellets in it.

Back 164

colon

Front 165

The heart in the fish/rat is very ______

Back 165

high.