Biology Lab

Front 1

What are the 2 reasons for using a microscope

Back 1

View objects unseen by the human eye and differentiate parts of the object

Front 2

A compound microscope has

Back 2

High magnification and low resolution

Front 3

A dissecting microscope or stereomicroscope has

Back 3

Low magnification, high resolution

Front 4

Which microscope has 3d or 2d image and cost

Back 4

Electron

Front 5

What is the function of the ocular lens/eyepiece

Back 5

10x function

Front 6

Which piece joins the ocular to the nose piece

Back 6

The arm/body tube

Front 7

What is the revolving nosepiece?

Back 7

Revolving part containing objectives

Front 8

What are the objectives and what they do

Back 8

10x, 40x, 100x, and they life size the magnification

Front 9

What does the stage do?

Back 9

Support the specimen/slide

Front 10

What is the part that controls the light passing through the specimen

Back 10

The Iris diaphram

Front 11

What is the function of the condenser

Back 11

To condense the light before it passes through the specimen

Front 12

Which part provides light to illuminate the object

Back 12

The light source

Front 13

What does the coarse focus knob do

Back 13

Move the stage up and down

Front 14

What is the function of the fine focus knob

Back 14

To move the body tube up and down to precisely focus the object

Front 15

What turns the light source on or off

Back 15

The light switch

Front 16

Which part controls the intensity of light of the light source

Back 16

The light intensity adjustment

Front 17

What does the base do

Back 17

Provides a firm support to the microscope

Front 18

When do you only use the 10x objective

Back 18

When dealing with the coarse focus knob

Front 19

How many inches should the base be away from the edge of the table

Back 19

6-10

Front 20

What is the process for finding total magnification

Back 20

Multiply the ocular by the objective

Front 21

What type of oil do you use with the 100x magnification

Back 21

Oil of immersion

Front 22

What are the two major types of cells

Back 22

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Front 23

Is bacteria an example of prokaryotes or eukaryotes

Back 23

Prokaryotes

Front 24

What are examples of eukaryotes

Back 24

Animals & plants

Front 25

Prokaryotes have blank but it is not blank

Back 25

Genetic material, true nuclues

Front 26

Define the term cell

Back 26

Basic structural/functional unit of an organism

Front 27

Which type of cells lack a membrane bound nucleus and contain relatively few organelles

Back 27

Prokaryotic cells

Front 28

What does the mitochondria in the animal cell do

Back 28

Digest fat and sugar in the cell; provides energy

Front 29

What is responsible for calcium storage, cell material shunting and is the main site of fat digestion

Back 29

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 30

What do lysosomes do

Back 30

Digests and excretes old organelles and other substances

Front 31

What is the responsibility of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 31

Protein manufacture, cell material shunting, studded with ribosomes

Front 32

What is the function of the golgi complex

Back 32

Process and repackage proteins for transport out of the cell

Front 33

What encloses the content of the cell, regulating the intake and outtake of the cell

Back 33

Plasma membrane

Front 34

Describe centrioles

Back 34

Made of 2 cylinders of tubules; essential to cell reproduction

Front 35

What is chloroplasts

Back 35

The site of photosynthesis

Front 36

Describe the nuclear membrane

Back 36

2 layered membrane through which substance enters and leaves the nuclues

Front 37

What is located at the approximate center of the nucleus. Plays a vital role in ribosome production

Back 37

Nucleolus

Front 38

Describe the nucleus

Back 38

The cell's nerve center, it contains contains chromatin and most of the cell's DNA.

Front 39

What is the cytoplasm

Back 39

The cell's structural matrix

Front 40

What are the three features present in the plant type of eukaryotes?

Back 40

Cell wall, central vacuole, and chloroplast

Front 41

Define epithelium

Back 41

A lining for other tissues

Front 42

Which of the three types of simple epithelium are composed of a single layer of cells. Minimal resistance, maximum passage of substances (blood and lymphatic vessels)

Back 42

Simple squamous epithelium

Front 43

Define simple cuboidal epithelium

Back 43

Cube/box shape. Absorption/secretion (kidney tubules, ovary surface)

Front 44

Describe simple columnar epithelium

Back 44

Tall slim cells. Protect/separate different types of tissues. Absorption/secretion, especially of mucus. (Gastrointestinal tract)

Front 45

Name the 5 connective tissue types

Back 45

Loose, dense, cartilage bone and blood

Front 46

What type of connective tissue does areolar fall under and describe it

Back 46

Loose. Areolar possesses all three fiber types. Contains fibroblasts and white blood cells. (Mesentery blood vessels)

Front 47

Melanocytes fall under which connective tissue and describe it

Back 47

Loose. Similar to areolar tissue but is in a looser arrangement and is less commonly found

Front 48

What kind of tissue is under loose connective tissue and made of adipocytes which store fat for energy , insulation, and mechanical protection.

Back 48

Adipose tissue

Front 49

Define White adipose tissue

Back 49

Used as energy source, thermal insulator. Also secrets wide array of hormones

Front 50

Define brown adipose tissue

Back 50

Used to produce heat. Brown color comes from the presence of mitochondria

Front 51

Describe dense connective tissue and what are the two kinds

Back 51

Tightly wound/packed fibrous tissue. Found in tendons,ligaments and dermis. Tendon and ligament

Front 52

What does tendon attach, what does ligament attach?

Back 52

Muscle to bone, bone to bone

Front 53

Define cartilage connective tissue

Back 53

Connective tissue composed of chondroblasts within collagen

Front 54

What are the three types of cartilage connective tissue

Back 54

Hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage

Front 55

Where can you find hyaline cartilage

Back 55

Joints, ribs, and trachea

Front 56

Describe elastic cartilage and where it can be found

Back 56

High elastin content ,and in outer ear, epilottis and larynx

Front 57

Describe fibrocartilage and where it can be found

Back 57

Very dense. Pubis and vertebral column

Front 58

Define bone connective tissue

Back 58

Made of specialized cells and collagen fibers, woven into a matrix of water, mineral crystals and salts

Front 59

Define blood connective tissue

Back 59

Compound liquid tissue that transports nutrients and oxygen

Front 60

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Back 60

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Front 61

Describe skeletal muscle tissue

Back 61

Voluntary. looks striated under the microscope. Joined to the bones via tendons

Front 62

What is the basic unit of the skeletal muscle tissue

Back 62

The sacromere

Front 63

Describe the cardiac. Where can it be found? What does it resemble? What type of discs does it have? Has a type of junction?

Back 63

Involuntary, controlled by the medulla. Heart. Resembles the skeletal muscle in appearance. Has intercalculated discs. Has a gap junction

Front 64

Is smooth muscle voluntary. Where can it be found? What controls it?

Back 64

Involuntary. Found in blood vessels, airways and digestive system. Controlled by the autonomic nervous system, it possesses gap junctions

Front 65

What is a dendrite

Back 65

Projections of nerve cell, receives messages from other nerve cells

Front 66

Define a myelin sheath

Back 66

Produced by flat schwann cells, this fatty substance protects and accelerates nerve impulses

Front 67

Name the 3 types of plant tissues

Back 67

Dermal, ground tissue and vascular

Front 68

What is the dermal tissue known as? What is its function?

Back 68

Epidermis. Serves as a barrier between the inner anatomy of the plant and its external environment. Protects against water loss extracts water and minerals regulates gaseous exchange and secretes metabolic compounds

Front 69

Describe ground tissue, what is its function

Back 69

The bulk of the plant. Versatile cells store nutrients; and leaves performs photosynthesis

Front 70

Define vascular tissue. What are the two kinds

Back 70

Used to transport water, nutrients and minerals throughout plants. Xylem and pholem

Front 71

Define xylem. Define pholem

Back 71

Group of dead cells that are responsible for transport and nutrients against gravity. Living cells that distribute nutrients and newly created carbohydrate throughout the plant

Front 72

The dermal tissue system is the blank of the plant

Back 72

Outer covering

Front 73

The ground system, carries out blank, stores blank and helps support the plants

Back 73

Photosynthesis, photosynthetic products

Front 74

The vascular tissue system blanks and blanks throughout the plant

Back 74

Conducts water, solutes

Front 75

Define taxonomy

Back 75

defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups.

Front 76

Name the 7 levels of classification

Back 76

Kingdom, phylum,class, order, family, genus, and species

Front 77

What is the list of wh whitaker 5 kingdom classification and its sub categories

Back 77

Monera- Bacteria and Archaea Protista- eukaryotic single celled organism. Plantae-Any plant living or extinct. Fungi-yeast, molds, smuts mushroom and toadstools distinct from green plants. Animilia- any animal living or extinct

Front 78

Archaea is classed with blank, and is what number branch on the phylogenetic tree with the other two branches being

Back 78

Eubacteria. Bacteria and eucaryota

Front 79

Archaea comes from the greek word blank meaning blank

Back 79

Apaxia, ancient

Front 80

Archaea reproduce blank? And are blank and share similar traits with eukaryotes and bacteria

Back 80

Asexually.Prokaryotes

Front 81

What 2 things present in the eukarya branch of the three branches only

Back 81

Nuclear envelope and membrane enclosed organelles

Front 82

What is present in the bacteria branch only? what is present in the bacteria and archae branch only

Back 82

Peptidoglycan in cell wall. Circular chromosome

Front 83

What is the response to antibotics Streptomycin and Chloramphenicol in all three branches

Back 83

Growth not inhibited in archaea and eukarya. Inhibited in Bacteria.

Front 84

Archae aare known for their ability to blank. They are extremophiles. Or their ability to metabolize materials that blank

Back 84

Survive extreme conditions. Other lifeforms cannot

Front 85

Archae's ability can be classified into smaller groups bases on their preferences of

Back 85

Nutrition or climate

Front 86

Thermophiles are archaea that can survive the blank. Can be found in blank or near blank

Back 86

High temperature. Hot springs or near undersea volcanic vents

Front 87

What temperatures do Mesophilic creatures like

Back 87

Moderate

Front 88

Which creatures like low temperatures and can be found in the artic

Back 88

Psychrophiles

Front 89

Halophiles prefer blank concentrations

Back 89

Salt

Front 90

Which creatures prefer acidic conditions

Back 90

Acidophiles

Front 91

Litotrophs can use sulfur, methane, and what other 2 substances for energy sources

Back 91

Nitrogen and ammonia

Front 92

Which archaea use light to produce energy

Back 92

Phototrophs

Front 93

Most people think of eubacteria as

Back 93

Disease causing agents

Front 94

What 3 things classify bacteria

Back 94

Shape, the color they're subjected to when they're dyed and they're arrangement when associated with each other

Front 95

Gram positive bacteria stain purple because. Gram negative bacteria stain pink

Back 95

They absorb the purple stain applied to them. absorb the red counter stain

Front 96

Peptiglycan aka murein is a polymer consisting of

Back 96

Sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh like layer outside of the plasma membrane forming a cell wall

Front 97

Define pilus. Specialized structure called sex pili have an important role in

Back 97

Bacterial pili are involved in cell adhesion. Conjugation with another bacterial cell to exchange genetic informatiom

Front 98

NAMs and NAGs are

Back 98

Alternating units of the bacterial cell wall

Front 99

Lipopolysaccharide also known as lipoglycans which are? They can be found in the outermembrane of gram negative bacteria and acts as

Back 99

Large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide. Endotoxins to elicit strong immune response in animals

Front 100

Protists are a group of single or multicelluar eukaryote that lacks

Back 100

Tissues and organs

Front 101

Protists do have organelles to aid in? Some protists have blank while others do not?

Back 101

Digestion waste, elimination, osmoregulation, and defense. Chloroplast

Front 102

Other than their relatively simple blank most protists are not similar to each other?

Back 102

Structure

Front 103

How do protists reproduce?

Back 103

Sexually or asexually

Front 104

Protista Kingdom is broken down into 3 phyla based on means of? The 3 phyla are

Back 104

Locomotion, Sacromastigophora, ciliophora and apicomplexa

Front 105

The sacromastigophora includes blank? What is flagella used for?

Back 105

Sarcodines and zooflagellates. Absorb food through the cell membrane

Front 106

Examples of sacromastigophora are? Parts of the Amoeba are the plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and? Define Trypanosoma

Back 106

Amoeba proteus and Trypanosoma. Pseudopodia contractile vacuole and food vacuole. A parasite zooflagellate that causes African Sleeping Sickness

Front 107

What is ciliphora characterized by? What is an example of ciliphora

Back 107

The presence of hair-like organelles called cilia. Paramecium caudatum

Front 108

Parts of the paramecium include oral cavity, pellicle, cilia, and

Back 108

Contractile vacuoles (2), macronucleus and micronucleus

Front 109

In the apiocomplexa an apical complex is a ? All examples are blank which means they reside within the body of the host.

Back 109

Structure involved in penetrating a host's cell. Endoparasitic

Front 110

What do apiocomplexans lack? An example is?

Back 110

Specialized locomotion structures and organelles for digesting and taking in food. Plasmodium vivax

Front 111

All characters of kingdom Fungi are ? Most are filamentous and have a network of hyphae called called a?

Back 111

Eukaryotic. Myelium

Front 112

Some characters of kingdom fungi are? Fungi are saprophytic and parasitic which means they are useful for

Back 112

Multicelluar. Recycling nutrients in nature.

Front 113

Fungi absorb nutrients through? sexual reproduction can be blank(budding) or blank(with the help of spores)

Back 113

Nature and cell membrane. Asexual or sexual.

Front 114

Fungi are commonly used for? Mold is a kind of

Back 114

Bread, cheese, beer, and whine production. Fungi

Front 115

Sporangium is blank when immature and blank when ripe? Associated with blank reproduction? Stolon is ?

Back 115

Colourless and black. Asexual. Aerial hypha

Front 116

Kingdom fungi is divided into 4 following phyla

Back 116

Zygomycota, ascomycota, basidiomycota and lichens

Front 117

Zygomomycota take their name for a method of sexual reproduction involving the production of conjugating gametes, leading to the

Back 117

Production of zygosporangia sexual

Front 118

What kind of gametes are zygospores

Back 118

Haploid gametes

Front 119

Thanks to sporangiospores what kind of reproduction takes place?

Back 119

Asexual

Front 120

Step 1: aerial hyphae produce a. 2: Sporangium bursts to. 3 spores germinate to produce. 4 blank grows. 5 Gamete forms? 6? 7 blank forms? 8 blank and meosis? 9 blank produces a sporangium? 10 blank are released from sporangium. 11 spores germinate to produce blank?

Back 120

Sporangium. 2 release spores. 3 hyphae. 4 Vegetative mycellum. 5 at the tip of hyphae. 6 Plasmogamy. 7 zygospore. 8 karyogamy. 9 zygote. 10 Spores. 11 Hyphae.

Front 121

In Ascomycota the defining feature of this fungal group is the blank meaning wineskin or blank, a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores called blank are formed

Back 121

Ascus ,sac ascospores

Front 122

Are ascomygota sexual or asexual or both? Sexual Reproduction is carried out by blank produced inside blank?

Back 122

Both. Ascopores, ascus

Front 123

Each Ascus produces blank ascupores? Asexual reproduction takes place by budding or? Examples are.

Back 123

8. Concili. Yeast mold and morals

Front 124

Basidiomycota have septate hyphae or? Basidiomycota are filamentous and reproduce sexually via the formation of specialized ? Examples include mushroom, smuts and?

Back 124

Hyphae with crosswalls. Club-shaped end cells that normally bear 4 meiospores. Mushroom, smuts

Front 125

Lichens is a blank association between fungus and algae

Back 125

Symbiotic association

Front 126

Green algae provide food from photosynthesis and fungi provides?

Back 126

Anchorage, water retention and nutrient absorption

Front 127

The fungi surrounds the blank often enclosing them within blank unique to lichen associations

Back 127

Algal cells, complex tissues

Front 128

Both partner gain water and mineral nutrients from the atmosphere through blank and blank in lichens

Back 128

Rain and dust

Front 129

Many lichens reproduce blank either by vegetative reproduction or through the

Back 129

Asexually, dispersal of disaspores containing algal and fungal cells

Front 130

In kingdom plantae plants are what kind of organisms? Cellulose provides? Stroma and cuticle are responsible for? Most plants show alteration of generation between ?

Back 130

Multicelluar or eukaryotic. The cell wall with rigidity and protection. Regulating gas exchange. Diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte

Front 131

Bryophytes are land plants that lack? What do they rely on? They reproduce via? Examples are mosses and?

Back 131

Vascular tissue circulating nutrients and water. Surrounding moisture. spores. Hornworts and liverworts

Front 132

Vascular plants have a vascular system that conducts? This feature allows plants to evolve to a? They don't produce? The principle generation phase is the sporophyte which is usually? Phyla includes lycophota ,psilophyta and? An example is the?

Back 132

Water, minerals and photosynthetic products. Larger size than nonvascular plants. Seeds. Diploid. Sphenophyta and pterophyta. Fern.

Front 133

In vascular seed bearing plants what 2 things are present? Two examples are the? In angiosperm what 3 things are present? Angiosperm are the most? Name the 2 subgroups of Angiosperm.

Back 133

Vascular system and seed are present. Cycads and conifers. Vascular system bearing plants, flowers, and seed bearing plants. Diverse group of land plants. Monocots and dicots.

Front 134

Monocots have single? Long narrow? Veins are? Vascular bundles are? Flowers are in pairs of? Examples are sunflowers and?

Back 134

Cotyledon. Leaf. Parallel. scattered. Three. Bean and pea

Front 135

Dicots have two? A broad? A network of? Ring of? Flower parts in multiples of? 3 examples are mustard and?

Back 135

Cotyledons. Leaf. Veins. Vascular bundles. Five and Four. Maize and rice

Front 136

In the kingdom animilia animals can be? Animals typically reproduce but blank is possible? Animals cells lack? Animals can respond quickly to external stimuli because of what 3 factors?

Back 136

Multicelluar, heterotrophic ,and eukaryotes. Sexual, asexual. Cell wall. Nerve cells ,muscles or contractile tissues

Front 137

Phyla consists of what five classifications?

Back 137

Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelmintheus, Nematoda and Rotifera

Front 138

In porifera there is calcera which means? There is hexactenellida which means? There is demospongiae which is?

Back 138

Calcium carbonate spines. Sillica spindules. Sponging spicules

Front 139

In cnidaria there is hydrozoa which means? Scyphozoa which are like? There are cubozoa which are like? There are anthozoa which are

Back 139

Hydra.Jellyfish. Box jellies. corals.

Front 140

Porifera are multicelluar? Bodies are perforated by? Porifera organisms have stiff skeleton made of? Animals in phylum porifera need a? Filter feeders eat particles such as? 3 Examples are?

Back 140

Marine aquatic animals. Pores. Spicules and collagen. Firm surface for attachment. Bacterial plankton. Ascon sycon and sponges

Front 141

Choanocytes are flagellated cells? Amoebocytes are embedded in? They move with pseudopodia, digest food and?

Back 141

Lining interior body of spongocoel. Mesophyll. Carry nutrients and produce spicules

Front 142

Cnidaria are blank animals? Blank animals have 2 layers of cells which are? They have radial symmetry which means body parts are arranged in? The mouth is surrounded by tentacles which helps?

Back 142

Aquatic. Dipoblatic epidermis and gastrodermis. Whorls. Feed ,escape ,and protect

Front 143

For the Cnidaria food is taken through the mouth into the? There is a presence of primitive? Animals in the phylum cnidaria show? An example is?

Back 143

Gastrovascular activity. Nervous system. Metamorphism polyp(sessile) and Medusa(free living). Hydra

Front 144

An example of the platyhelminthes is the? They have what kind of symmetry? There is an absence of circulatory and respiratory organs so? Flatworms show what kind of ferilization? These animals have male and female reproductive organs so they are?

Back 144

Flatworm and tapeworm. Elongated bilatteral. Oxygen and nutrients flow by diffusion. Cross fertilization. Hermaphrodites.

Front 145

An example of the nematoda is the? Describe their body. Describe their body movement. Stomach is absent so their pharynx? Reproduction is usually? Males are blank and their tails are? What is their symmetry? They are tripoblastic and blank which means seperate sexes? What 2 systems are well developed?

Back 145

Roundworm or Ascaris. Worm-like body. Wipe-like body movement. Is directly connected to the intestine. Sexually. Smaller and bent. Bilaterial. Dioecios. Reproductive and digestive.

Front 146

Who do nematodes affect? Modes of transmission are? How can you avoid nematodes on food? What is treatment?

Back 146

Humans especially young children. Improper hand wash after garden work or soil contact. Ensure that meat or fish is thoroughly cooked. Intestinal worms.

Front 147

What kind of animals are rotifera? Are they prokaryotic or eukaryotic? Describe their digestive system. Rotifers are parthenogenesis which means? Sexual reproduction occurs when? Describe corona? How do rotifers collect food? What do they feed on?

Back 147

Microscopic and aquatic most are females. Eukaryotic. Well developed in mouth and ending in anus. When are not harsh females are predominant and only females develop from unfertilized eggs. Eggs of a female are fertilized by a male. Beating hair like fibers which are arranged in a band around the mouth. Beating hairlike fibers to create water current and collect food particles. Phytoplankton and decaying food

Front 148

Where can rotifers be found ? Under what circumstances rotifers survive years?

Back 148

Raingutters, temporary pools, desert washes. In a quiscent embryo phase.

Front 149

Define the neuron. Define axon.

Back 149

Primary unit of nervous tissue. Main nerve fiber responsible for relaying messages away from the nerve body.