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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Exercise 7
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Fermentation
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Fermentation
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A catabolic process that produces ATP from the oxidation of organic molecules without the use of an electron transport chain. One type of fermentation, alcohol fermentation, is carried out by yeast cells when O₂ levels are low.
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Reaction for Alcohol Fermentation
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Organic Substrate → CO₂ + Alcohol + Energy (ATP)
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Yeast
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A unicellular organism that lives in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
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What is the name of the experimental organism used in this lab exercise?
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Yeast
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What products are made when this organism carries out fermentation?
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CO₂ + Alcohol + Energy (ATP)
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What is the purpose of the oil overlay in this exercise?
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To create anaerobic conditions.The oil overlay acts to slow diffusion of oxygen into the carbohydrate/yeast mixture, forcing the yeast to carry out fermentation rather than aerobic respiration.
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Know the names of the 6 carbohydrates tested in the instructor-directed experiment.
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Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose, or Starch
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What was the control in this experiment?
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Distilled Water
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Know the optimum temperature for fermentation in our experiment.
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40° C
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Why do you see little or no CO₂ production at low temperature?
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Enzymes and Substrates are moving very slow, low rate of reaction.
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Why does the reaction rate decrease at 60° C?
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Enzymes and substrates move too fast to interact with each other and enzyme will be come denatured at high temperature.
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Know the optimum pH for fermentation in our experiment.
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pH 4
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Which of the products was measured in these experiments?
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CO₂, carbon dioxide gas
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Which of these substrates resulted in the greatest amount of CO₂ production
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Glucose; It was the simplest sugar (smallest molecule), and is a substrate for alcohol.
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Which 2 substrates resulted in little or no gas production? Why?
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Lactose and starch because the yeast did not have the enzyme to break them down.
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Know the name (and the correct spelling of) the enzyme that hydrolyses lactose.
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Lactase
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Know the name (and the correct spelling of) the enzyme that hydrolyses starch.
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Amyloglucosidase
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What is the effect of pre-incubating each carbohydrate with each of the enzymes?
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The enzymes help the substrates to be broken down and produce oxygen.
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What does this experiment demonstrate about enzyme specificity?
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Lactase only helps breakdown lactose and amyloglucosidase only help breakdown starch.
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Two type of fermentation
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Alcohol and Lactic Acid
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