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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to a cell when it undergoes mitosis?
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the daughter cells will have genes identical to each other and to the mother cell
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What happens when a eukaryotic cell divides?
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the daughter cells receive enough of the organelles to start up the new cells and produce additional organelles as needed
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When does DNA replication occur?
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between the gap phases of interphase
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What is the spindle apparatus made of?
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microtubules
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what are mitosis and meiosis divisions of?
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the nucleus and chromosomes
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What happens through meiosis?
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1. alternate forms of genes are shuffled
2. parental DNA is divided and distributed to forming gametes 3. the diploid number is reduced to haploid 4. offspring are provided with new gene combinations |
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Is meiosis necessary for sexual reproduction to occur in a life cycle? what about organisms that only reproduce asexually?
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Yes, but it is not necessarily required for asexual reproduction
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what happens if a parent cell has X number of chromosomes and undergoes meiosis?
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the resulting cells will have X/2 chromosomes
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does asexual reproduction produce variety?
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no
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what does crossing over do?
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1. results in new combinations of alleles being channeled into daughter cells
2. alters the composition of chromosomes |
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What did morgan demonstrate?
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that certina genes are located only on an X chromosome and have no corresponding alleles on the Y chromosome
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do genes on the same chromosome assort independently or dependently?
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independently
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what happens if a mixture of viruses labeled with a radioactive sulfer and phosphorus is placed in a backteria culture?
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the bacteria will absorb the radioactive phosphorus from the viral DNA
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is sulfur found in proteins? nucleic acids?
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proteins, but not nucleic acids
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what do we know about the DNA molecule from x-ray diffraction data?
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1. it has a uniform diameter
2. it is long and narrow 3. part of the molecule repeats itself often 4. the shape is spiral |
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What is DNA polymerase and what are it's functions?
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1. it is an enzyme
2. adds new nucleotides to a strand 3. proofreads DNA strands to see that they are correct 4. derives energy from ATP for synthesis of DNA strands |
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What are Histones?
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proteins associated with DNA in eukaryotes
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What to RNA molecules do?
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carry amino acids to ribosomes where they are linked into the primary structure of polypeptides
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How many differnt RNA codons are there?
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64
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If each nucleotide coded for a single amino acid, how many different types of amino acids could be combined to form proteins?
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4
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I have to idea how to put this in a question so im just going to write the answer
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genes located in different regions of the body during embryonic development may be turned on and off, never turned on, turned on and left on, and activated for a short in one cell and a long time in another cell
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what kind of cells...
1. have altered plasma membranes 2. are unable to attach to other cells 3. divide to produce high densities of cells 4. have a different metabolism, using glycolysis even when oxygen is abailable |
cancer cells
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what is the essence of meiosis?
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each gamete receives one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes and the gametes that are formed are haploid
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what results from sexual reproduction?
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new combinations of genetic traits
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what happens to the number of chromosomes found in a eukaryotic cell when fertilization and meiosis occur?
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fertilization doubles the number of chromosomes, meiosis cuts the number of chromosomes in half
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