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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gas exchange occurs in the lungs
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know
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hairs in nose act as filter...
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know
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air from nose --> pharynx and larynx
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know
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larynx is for...
pharynx is for... |
air
food |
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epiglottis covers larynx/pharynx to prevent food from entering the lungs?
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larynx
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larynx --> trachea --> bronchi
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bronchi divide into smaller sections --> bronchioles --> alveoli
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alveoli = site of gas exchange
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know
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alevoli are covered in surfactant...
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lowers surface tension to prevent internal collapse/sticking to one another
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lungs are contained within the thoracic cavity
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know
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diaphragm
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separates lungs from organs
-important involuntary muscle for breathing |
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diaphragm is under autonomic/somatic control
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somatic
-involuntary breathing, BUT diaphragm composed of skeletal muscle |
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pleura surround each lung
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closed sac with fluid
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visceral lung = internal layer
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know
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parietal layer = external to visceral layer
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know
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intrapleural space = thin layer of fluid = lubrication of lungs to prevent rubbing
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know
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inhalation is a/n active/passive process
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active
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inhalation involves external intercostal muscles
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know
-expand lungs and ribs outward |
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exhalation is a/n active/passive process
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passive
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exhalation involves internal intercostals that pull lungs and ribcage down
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know
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ventilation is primarily regulated by neurons = ventilation centers
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as partial pressure of CO2 increases, the rate of breathing increases
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chemoreceptors on neuron's surface monitor changes in blood's pH
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counteract pH changes by sending signals to appropriate regions..
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spirometer used to measure ventilation
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know
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total lung capacity = 6-7L
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know
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Vital capacity is total amount of air that can be breathed out...
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(does not include respiratory reserve volume)
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residual volume
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amount of air that inflates lungs that can not be expelled
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tidal volume
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normal in/out breath air
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ERV
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amount below the tidal volume but above RV
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IRV
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amount above tidal volume
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capillaries = site of gas exchange with the alveoli
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know
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pressure differences push/pull O2 and CO2 in/out of body/blood vessels
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know
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increase in altitude = less O2 available to breathe = increase in breathing rate
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know
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lower affinity to oxygen with elevation...yet increase in RBC number
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know
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