Biology Chapter 7 Quiz

Front 1

What 3 things does the cell theory state?

Back 1

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

3. New cells are produced from existing cells.

Front 2

Prokaryotic cells

Back 2

They carry genetic material that is not contained in a nucleus; no nucleus

Front 3

Eukaryotic cells

Back 3

contain a nucleus in which their genetic material is separated from the rest of the cell

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

Contains nearly all of a cell's DNA with it the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules

-Control center of a cell

Front 5

Nuclear envelope

Back 5

Outer part of the nucleus

-is composed of 2 membranes

-dotted with thousands of nuclear pores which allow things to move in and out of the nucleus

Front 6

Chromatin

Back 6

Consists of DNA bound to protein

-Granular material in the nucleus

Front 7

Chromosomes

Back 7

chromatin condenses into chromosomes when a cell divides.

-Contain genetic information to then be passed down through generations

Front 8

Nucleolus

Back 8

Very center of a nucleus

-This is where the assembly of ribosomes begins

Front 9

Ribosomes

Back 9

Proteins are assembled on ribosomes

-Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout cytoplasm

-make proteins

Front 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 10

In Eukaryotic cells

-Internal membrane

-The site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials which are exported from the cell

Front 11

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 11

-Rough one has ribosomes on it making it part of protein synthesis -the creation of protein

Front 12

Free Ribosomes

Back 12

-are not attached to membranes

Front 13

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 13

No ribosomes

-has collections of enzymes that perform specific tasks

-help create lipids, detoxifies drugs

-Lever cells are abundant in these

Front 14

Golgi apparatus

Back 14

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or secretion outside of the cell

Front 15

lysosomes

Back 15

Small organelles filled with enzymes

=Digests and breaks down lipids carbs and proteins into molecules that can be used by the cell

-remove "junk"

Front 16

vacuoles

Back 16

-sac like structures that store waste, water, and even food or energy

-waters, salts, proteins, and carbs

Front 17

Mitochondria

Back 17

Nearly all eukaryotic cells including plants contain mitochondria. Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use

Front 18

Chloroplasts

Back 18

Prokaryotic cells contain these

-Organelles that capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy using photosynthesis

Front 19

Cytoskeleton

Back 19

The network of protein filaments that helps the cell to maintain its shape, Also involved in movement

Front 20

Centroiles

Back 20

Near the nucleus

Help organize cell division

Front 21

Cell membrane

Back 21

regulates what goes in and out of the cell, provides protection and support as well

Front 22

lipid bilayer

Back 22

-what makes up the cell membrane in two sheets

Front 23

Cell Walls

Back 23

-The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell

Front 24

equilibrium

Back 24

When particles are the same through out

Front 25

diffusion depends on

Back 25

random particle movements

- does not require energy

Front 26

Osmosis

Back 26

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Front 27

isotonic

Back 27

same strength

Front 28

hypertonic

Back 28

above strength

Front 29

hypotonic

Back 29

below strength

Front 30

What keeps a plant/bacteria cell from busting from osmosis

Back 30

Cell walls

Front 31

facilitated diffusion

Back 31

the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels

Front 32

Active transport

Back 32

moves molecules against the concentration gradient

-requires energy

Front 33

Three levels of organization in multi cellular organisms

Back 33

1. Tissues

2.Organs

3. Organ systems

Front 34

tissue

Back 34

a group of similar cells that preform a particular function

Front 35

organs

Back 35

Many groups of tissues work together as an organ

Front 36

Organ systems

Back 36

A group of organs that work together to perform a particular function

Front 37

What do all cells have

Back 37

1. Membrane

2. Ribosomes

3. DNA

4. Cytoplasm

Front 38

Threadlike structures

Back 38

chromosomes

Front 39

Cell membranes are constructed of

Back 39

lipid bilayers

Front 40

Cells moving without energy tend to

Back 40

Move away from the more concentrated area

Front 41

which cell helps with gas exchange in plants

Back 41

guard cells ; stomata