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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell
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collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
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cell theory
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idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells
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nucleus
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structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities
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eukaryote
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organism whose cells contain nuclei
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prokaryote
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unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
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organelle
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specialized structure that performs imprortant cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell
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cytoplasm
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material inside the cell membrane-- not including the nucleus
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chromosome
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threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation to the next
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nucleolus
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small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins
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ribosome
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small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein
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endoplasmic reticulem
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internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified
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Golgi apparatus
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stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for the endoplasmic reticulum
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lysosome
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cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell
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vacuole
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cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
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mitochondrion
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cell organelle that converts the energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
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cell membrane
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thin, flexible around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
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cell wall
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strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria
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nuclear envelope
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layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
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