Biology Chapter 5-7

Front 1

ATP

Back 1

Adenosine triphosphate, the main energy source for cells, transfers usable energy from exergonic to endergonic reactions where cell work is done

Hint 1

Energy

Front 2

Cellular metabolism

Back 2

Sum of all endergonic and exergonic reactions and every working cell of every organism

Hint 2

Sum

Front 3

Cellular respiration

Back 3

Energy-releasing chemical breakdown of glucose molecules and of energy in the form that can be used to perform work

Hint 3

Glucose

Front 4

Coenzyme

Back 4

An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes an important metabolic reactions

Hint 4

Vitamins

Front 5

Cofactors

Back 5

A nonprotien molecule or ion that is required for the proper functions of an enzyme

Hint 5

Nonprotein

Front 6

Endergonic reactions

Back 6

And energy requiring chemical reaction which yields products with more potential energy than the reactants

Hint 6

Build

Front 7

Energy coupling

Back 7

In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from,an exorgonic reaction to drive and endergonic reaction

Front 8

Energy of activation

Back 8

Amount of energy that reactants must absorb to start chemical reaction energy barrier to keep actions from spontaneously occurring

Front 9

Exergonic reaction

Back 9

An energy releasing chemical reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products

Front 10

Hypertonic

Back 10

Solution with higher concentration of solute

Front 11

Hypotonic

Back 11

Solution with lower concentration of solute

Front 12

Phosphorylation

Back 12

Transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule

Front 13

Plasmolysis

Back 13

Process in which cells lose water in a hypertonic solution.

Front 14

Aerobic pathway

Back 14

Energy harvest with plenty of oxygen

Front 15

Anaerobic pathway

Back 15

Fermentation, energy harvest with little oxygen or none at all

Front 16

Citric acid cycle

Back 16

The chemical cycle that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begin in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl to carbon dioxide

Front 17

Electron transport chain

Back 17

A series of electron carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP

Front 18

Fermentation

Back 18

I'm this phase enzymes modify pyruvic acid in absence of oxygen

Front 19

Glycolysis

Back 19

Multistep breakdown of a molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate; the first stage of cellular respiration in all organisms

Front 20

Intermediates

Back 20

The compound that serves as product for one reaction and a reactant for the next metabolic pathway

Front 21

Kreb's cycle

Back 21

The central metabolic pathway and all aerobic organisms

Front 22

Oxidation

Back 22

Loss of electrons from substance involved in a redox reaction always accompanies reduction

Front 23

Redox reactions

Back 23

Short for oxidation reduction reaction chemical reaction where electrons are lost from one substance and added to another one

Front 24

Reduction

Back 24

Gain of electrons by substance involved in a redox reaction always accompanies oxidation

Front 25

Autotrophs

Back 25

organisms that take energy directly from the nonliving environment and use it to synthesize their own nutrient molecules

Front 26

Carbon fixing phase/ Calvin cycle

Back 26

The second of two stages of photosynthesis a cyclic series of chemical reactions that occur in the stroma of chloroplast using co2 and the ATP produced by light reactions to make energy rich sugar molecules

Front 27

Chemosynthetic autotrophs

Back 27

Do not use energy from the Sun to produce food. Instead they make food using energy from chemical reactions often combining hydrogen sulfide or methane with oxygen

Front 28

Chlorophyll

Back 28

Green pigment found in plant leaves absorbs violet blue orange and red light

Front 29

Grana

Back 29

Sacks of thylakoids

Front 30

Heterotrophs

Back 30

An organism that cannot make its own organic food molecules and must obtain them by consuming other organisms for their organic products consumer or a decomposer in a food chain

Front 31

Light trapping phase

Back 31

Sunlight strikes chlorophyll inside chloroplasts and boosts electrons and pigments to higher energy levels electrons leave chlorophyll and pass down and electric transport chain

Front 32

Photoautotrophs

Back 32

An organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from co2 by photosynthesis

Front 33

Photosynthesis

Back 33

The process by which autotrophic organisms use light energy to make sugar and oxygen gas from carbon dioxide and water

Front 34

Producers

Back 34

An organism that makes organic food molecules from co2 h2o and other inorganic raw materials