Biology Chapter 7

Front 1

Cell Theory
1.
2.
3.

Back 1

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all organisms.
3. All cells arise from existing cells

Front 2

A cells shape represents...

Back 2

the cell's function

Front 3

Cell size is limited by a cell's...

Back 3

surface area - to - volume ratio

Front 4

All substances that enter or leave a cell must pass through...

Back 4

the surface of the cell

Front 5

A cell may grow large in...

Back 5

one or two dimensions

Front 6

Larger cells often have shapes that increase the...

Back 6

surface area available for exchange

Front 7

Cell membrane -

Back 7

cell's outer boundary

Front 8

Cytosol -

Back 8

fluid inside cell, full of dissolved particles

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Cytoplasm -

Back 9

includes cytosol and almost all structures suspended in the fluid

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Ribosome -

Back 10

cellular structure on which proteins are made

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DNA -

Back 11

provides instructions for making proteins, regulates cellular activity, and enables cells to reproduce

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Prokaryote -

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-organism that is a single prokaryotic cell and has a cell wall

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Capsule -

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structure that enables prokaryotes to cling to surfaces

Front 14

Eukaryote -

Back 14

organism made up of one or more eukaryote cells. Eukaryote cells carry out more specialized functions that prokaryote cells

Front 15

Nucleus -

Back 15

where cell's DNA is housed

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Organelle -

Back 16

structure that carries out specific activities inside the cell

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Cytoskeleton -

Back 17

web of protein fibers found in eukaryotic cells

Front 18

Microfilaments -

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long, thin fibers made of the protein actin; contract and expand in certain areas

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Microtubules -

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thick, hollow fibers that are made of the protein tubulin; information molecules move through these tubes to different parts of the cell

Front 20

Intermediate Fibers -

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moderately thick and mainly anchor organelles and enzymes to parts of the cell

Front 21

In the cytoplasm, ribosomes use...

Back 21

the RNA messages to assemble proteins

Front 22

Nuclear Envelope -

Back 22

double membrane that has many nuclear pores

Front 23

Nuclear Pores -

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small channels that allow certain molecules to move into and out of the nucleus

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Nucleolus -

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region where ribosome parts are made

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Ribosomes -

Back 25

made of RNA and proteins

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Vesicle -

Back 26

small, often spherical-shaped sac that is formed by the membrane

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) -

Back 27

a system of internal membranes that moves proteins and other substances through the cell

Front 28

Golgi Apparatus -

Back 28

set of flattened, membrane-bound sacs; cell products enter one side of the Golgi Apparatus, which modifies, sorts, and packages them for distribution

Front 29

Vesicles help maintain homeostasis by...

Back 29

storing and releasing various substances as the cell needs them

Front 30

Lysosome -

Back 30

vesicle that contains specific enzymes that break down large molecules

Front 31

Vacuole -

Back 31

large, membrane-bound compartment; stores water, ions, nutrients, and wastes; located only in plant cells

Front 32

Protists -

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pump out excess water

Front 33

The energy for cellular functions is produced by...

Back 33

chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and chloroplasts

Front 34

Chloroplasts are found in...

Back 34

plants and some plant-like protists

Front 35

Chloroplasts -

Back 35

organelle that uses light energy to make sugar from carbon dioxide and water

Front 36

Motochondrion -

Back 36

organelle that uses energy from organic compounds to make ATP

Front 37

The different organelles and features in cells enable organisms to...

Back 37

function in unique ways in different environments

Front 38

Flagella -

Back 38

long, threadlike structures that rotate to quickly move an organism through its environment

Front 39

Pili -

Back 39

short, thick outgrowths that allow prokaryotes to attach to surfaces or other cells

Front 40

Tissue -

Back 40

a distinct group of cells that have similar structure and functions

Front 41

Organ -

Back 41

a specialized structure that has a specific function

Front 42

Organ System -

Back 42

various organs that carry out a major body function

Front 43

Colonial Organisms -

Back 43

cells that live as a connected group but do not depend on each other for survival

Front 44

Multicellularity -

Back 44

only occurs in eukaryotes; most begin as a single cell