Biology Chapter 3

Front 1

cells

Back 1

the smallest unit of life that can function independently. within cells highly coordinated biochemical activities carry out basic functions of life

Front 2

Robert Hooke

Back 2

The study of cells began in 1660. He melted strands of spun glass to create lenses.

Front 3

Hooke focused on

Back 3

bee stingers, fish scales, fly legs, feathers, and any type of insect he can hold still

Front 4

Hooke called what cells?

Back 4

cork. He developed what is now called cell biology

Front 5

Anthony van Leeuwenhoek of Holland

Back 5

in 1673 improved lenses further. He used only a single lens, but it produced a clearer and more highly magnified image than most two lens microscopes then available

Front 6

one of Leeuwenhoek's first objects of study

Back 6

tartar scarped from his own teeth

Front 7

Scottish surgeon Robert Brown noted

Back 7

a roughly circular object in cells from orchid plants. He saw the structure in every cell, then identified it in cells of a variety of organisms, he named it the nucleus

Front 8

Mathias J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann purpose a new theory

Back 8

in 1839 based on many observations made with microscopes

Front 9

Martin J. Scheilden

Back 9

first noted that that cells were the basic units of plants

Front 10

Theodor Schwann

Back 10

compared animal cells to plant cells

Front 11

Schielden and Schwann

Back 11

concluded that cells were elementary particles of organisms, the unit of structure and function

Front 12

cell theory

Back 12

Schielden and Schwann used their observations to to formulate this. Which originally had two main components: all organisms are made of one or more cells, and the cell is the fundamental unit of all life

Front 13

Rudolf Virchow

Back 13

Added a third component to the cell theory in 1855, when he proposed that all cells come from preexisting cells.

Front 14

Virchow's idea contradicted what?

Back 14

spontaneous generation

Front 15

Louis Pasteur

Back 15

finally disproved spontaneous generation in 1859, he provided additional evidence in support of cell theory

Front 16

light microscopes

Back 16

are ideal for generating true-color views of living or preserved cells. Because light must pass through an object to reveal its internal features.

Front 17

two types of microscopes

Back 17

compound microscope and the confocal microscope

Front 18

compound microscope

Back 18

uses two or more lenses to focus visible light through a specimen: the most powerful ones can magnify up to 1600 times and resolve objects that are 200 nanometers apart