Biology Chapter 3

Front 1

Organic Chemistry

Back 1

A branch of chemistry devoted to the study of compounds that have carbon as their central elemnt

Front 2

Hydrocarbon

Back 2

Elements that are only hydrogen and carbon.

Front 3

functional group

Back 3

a group of atoms that confers a special property on a carbon-based molecule.

Front 4

Polmer

Back 4

a large molecule made up of many similar or identical subunits.

Front 5

monomer

Back 5

a small molecule that can be combined with other similar or identical molecules to make a polmer

Front 6

Carbohydrates

Back 6

organic molecules that always contain carbon, hydorgen, and oxygen and that in many instances contain nothing but carbon, oxygen, adn hydrogen. They usually contain exactly twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms.

Front 7

Disaccharides

Back 7

2 monosaccharides covalently linked via condensation link

Front 8

Polysaccharides

Back 8

many monosaccharides covalently linked together to form a very large molecule

Front 9

Storage Polysaccharides

Back 9

stores energy

Front 10

Starch

Back 10

a glucose polmer for plants

Front 11

Glycogen

Back 11

animal sotrage form of glucose for energy. Glucose polmer

Front 12

Cellulose

Back 12

linear polmer. glucose polmer

Front 13

Chitin

Back 13

athropd exoskeleton

Front 14

Lipids

Back 14

nonpolar- long CH chains. no common monomer

Front 15

Triglycerols

Back 15

great for long term energy storage. 2 times the energy of some units of carbohydrates.

Front 16

Saturated Fats

Back 16

solid fats. animal fats. Have no double bondsin fatty acids tails. high melting point

Front 17

Unsaturated Fats

Back 17

oils. liquid at room temp. Low melting point. plants fats. have at least one double bond

Front 18

Phospholipids

Back 18

have a PO4.

Front 19

Sterols

Back 19

Lipids composed of 4 fused carbon rings

Front 20

Cholesstorl

Back 20

found in the cell membrane

Front 21

Testosterone

Back 21

higher muscle mass, facial hair, sperm production

Front 22

Waxes

Back 22

plants use these for water protection. birds use them for water proofing. Bees use them for storage spots in homes. They are a saturated fatty acid and a long chain alcohol.

Front 23

Protein

Back 23

50% of cells dry mass. polmers (composed of many monomers)

Front 24

Enzymes

Back 24

neccessary for reactions to occur in cell. stuctural support, communication, transport

Front 25

amino acids

Back 25

monomers of proteins

Front 26

peptide

Back 26

short chain of amino acids

Front 27

polypeptides

Back 27

longer chain of amino acids

Front 28

primary protien stucture

Back 28

sequence of amino acids.

Front 29

secondary stucture of protein

Back 29

hydrogen bonding between portions of peptide backbones

Front 30

alphahelix

Back 30

peptide backbone in spirals

Front 31

B sheet

Back 31

when backbone runs parallel or anti parallel

Front 32

Tertitiary protein structure

Back 32

R Group begins to interact and form a 3D stucture. This is as high as some proteins go

Front 33

Quaterary Stucture

Back 33

subunits in the tertitiary structure taht combines to forma a functional protein

Front 34

Native state

Back 34

A protein without subunits

Front 35

denature

Back 35

to take a protein out of its native state

Front 36

gene

Back 36

a unit of heredit.peices of DNA that has the codes for amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain

Front 37

DNA

Back 37

a type of nucleic acid. It is the genetic material in one cell. Contains instructions for that cell

Front 38

Nucleic Acids

Back 38

polmers.

Front 39

nuclestides

Back 39

the monomers of nucleic acid