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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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unsaturated fat
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type of fat with fewer than two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom in their fatty acid tails
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saturated fat
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type of fat with two hydrogen atoms for every carbon atom in the fatty acid tails
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transfats
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vegetable oils that have been turned into solids by partial hydrogenation of their fatty acid tails. Increase the risk of heart disease
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Vitamins that are essitiantial
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13
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Minerals that are essitiantial
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21
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What is the GI Tract?
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Gastrointestinal Tract (hollow tube)
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Lumen
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space within this tube (the whole going in to the stomach)
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Path of food through GI tract
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mouth pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
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Mucosa
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mucous membrane in contract with the lumen
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submucosa
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conncective tissue and blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves
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Muscularis
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two or three layers of smooth muscle, responsible for movement, motility
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serosa
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outermost layer
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sphincters
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thick muscular rings that separate some of the organs- hold contents
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Five Basic Processes of digestive system function
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mechanical, secretion, digestion, absorption, elimination
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Peristalsis
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propels food forward- rapid (esophagus)
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segmentation
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mixes food back and forth presses on mucosa- absorb nutrients (small intestine)
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Children Teeth
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20
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Adult Teeth
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32
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Functions of the stomach
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food storage, digestion of proteins, regulation of delivery partially digested food into the small intestine
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chyme
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watery mixture of partially digested food and gastric juice that is delivered to the small intestine
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How long does it take for the stomach to empty after a meal?
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2-6 hours
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Does the stomach absorb nutrients?
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No
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(Functions of small intestine) Duodenum
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most digestion occurs here
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(Functions of small intestine) Jejunum
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absorption
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(function of small intestine) ileum
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absorption
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Pancreas
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exocrine function
secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate digestive enzymes (proteases: trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase) pancreatic amylase lipase |
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Liver
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produces bile, which emulsifies lipids
hepatic portal system- drains blood from the digestive tract to the liver Metabolic Functions- storage, synthesis, and chemical processing |
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Gallbladder
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concentrates and stores bile
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lactose intolerance
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difficulty digesting milk
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peptic ulcers
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caused by infection with helicobacter pylori
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celiac disease
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gluten (wheat protein) intolerance
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diverticulosis
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weakness in wall of small intestine
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colon polyps
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noncancerous growth on mucosa
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Hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver
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Hepatitis A
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transmitted by food, water
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Hepatitis B
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transmitted by body fluid, blood
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Hepatitis C
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transmitted by infected blood
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Gallstones
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crystals may form in gallbladder and obstruct flow of bile
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