Biology, Chapter 14

Front 1

In genetics, what is a CHARACTER?

Back 1

A heritable feature.
- e.g. Flower colour
- Each varient of character is called a TRAIT.
- Traits can be dominant and recessive

Front 2

What is a HYBRIDIZATION?

Back 2

The crossing of two TRUE-BREEDING varities.
- The true-breeding varities are referred to as P GENERATION
- The hybridization offspring are known as the F1 generation.
- 'F'ilial is the Latin word for son.
- Allowing F1 hybrids to pollinate produces an F2 generation

Front 3

What is an ALLELE?

Back 3

- Alternative versions of a gene
- A living thing has two copies of each gene, one from its mother, and one from its father. There can be multiple types of each gene, which give different instructions: one version might cause a person to have blue eyes, another might cause them to have brown. These different versions are known as "alleles" of the gene.

Front 4

What is a STAMEN?

Back 4

- Reproductive organ of a plant.
- Pollen producing organ

Front 5

What is a CAPEL?

Back 5

- Reproductive organ of a plant.
- Egg bearing organ

Front 6

What was MENDEL'S MODEL?

Back 6

1. Alternatve versions of genes accounted for variations in inherited characters. (EXAMPLE: the genes for the flower color in pea plants exist in two versions, purple or white).
2. For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent.
3. If the two alleles at a lous differ, then one, the dominant allele, determines the organism's appearance.
4. The LAW OF SEGREGATION.

Front 7

What is the LAW OF SEGREGATION?

Back 7

The two alleles for a heritable chracter separate (segregage) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes.
- Maternal and paternal alleles segregate during Meiosis I

Front 8

What is HOMOZYGOUS?

Back 8

An organism having a pair of identical alleles for a character.
- A pea plant that is true-breeding for purple flowers (PP) is an example
- A pea plant with white flowers (pp) is also homozygous for the recessive gene.

Front 9

What is HETEROZYGOUS?

Back 9

An organism that has two different alleles for a gene.
- They are not true breeding because they produce gametes with different alleles.

Front 10

What is a PHENOTYPE?

Back 10

An organisms traits.

Front 11

What is it when we talk about GENOTYPE?

Back 11

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Front 12

What is a TESTCROSS?

Back 12

The breeding of a recessive homozygote with an organism of dominate phenotype but unknown genotype.

Front 13

What is a MONOHYBRID?

Back 13

Heteorzygous for one character

Front 14

What is the LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT?

Back 14

Segregation at one locus is independent of segregation at another locus.

Front 15

What is COMPLETE DOMINANCE?

Back 15

Dominance of one allele over another in F1 offspring.
- Phenotypes of the heterozygote and the dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.

Front 16

What is CODOMINANCE?

Back 16

Both alleles both affect the phonotype in separate distinguishble ways.

Front 17

What is INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE?

Back 17

F1 hybrids have a phenotype somewhere in between the phenotypes of teh two parental varieties.

Front 18

What is COMPLETE DOMINANCE?

Back 18

Dominance of one allele over another in F1 offspring.
- Phenotypes of the heterozygote and the dominant homozygote are indistinguishable.

Front 19

What is CODOMINANCE?

Back 19

Both alleles both affect the phonotype in separate distinguishble ways.

Front 20

What is INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE?

Back 20

F1 hybrids have a phenotype somewhere in between the phenotypes of teh two parental varieties.

Front 21

What is PLEIOTROPY?

Back 21

Name for the multiple phenotypic effects that exist on a gene.

Front 22

What is EPISTASIS?

Back 22

When a gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus.