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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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land plants are closest relative is
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Charophyceans
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similarities between plants and dinoflagellates, green algae, and brown algae
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all are made of cell walls made of cellulose
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similarities between plants and brown, red and certain green algae
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they are multicellular,eukaryotic, photosynthetic autotrophes
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the traits that land plants share with charophyceans
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1) Rose shaped complexes for cellulose synthesis
2) peroxisome enzymes 3) Structure of flagellared sperm 4) Formation of phragmoplast |
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how are the arrays of protein synthesizing cellulose shaped in noncharophyceans
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they are linear
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What is specian about the cell walls of plants and charophyceans
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they contain higher levels of cellulose
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What does the peroxisome enzyme do
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it helps minimize the loss of organic products as a result of photorespiration (saves ATP)
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What is a phragmoplast
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It is the divider of the two plant cells during telophase
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what was the conclusion of the project "Deep Green"
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they found that charophyceans and land plants genetically resemble each other
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Is the charophycean and ancester of plants
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no it just gives us an immage of what an ancestor would look like
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Why is sporopollenin useful
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because it prevents the zygote of charophyceans from drying out when the water level drops
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what is an embryophyte
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it is the name of the plant kingdom
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What are the traits the seperate plants from charophyceans
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plants contain
1) Apical Meristems 2) Alternation of generations 3) Walled spores produced in sporangia 4) Multicellular gametangia 5) multicellular dependant embryos |
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what is the cuticle and what does it do
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it is the epidermis in land plants it provider water proofing and protects alittle from microbes
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What does the apecial meristem do
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it differentiates cells into different tissues
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What is a gametophyte
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it is a multicellular haploid plant reproductive cell that produces gametes that become a sporophyte
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What is a sporophyte and what happens when it goes through meiosis
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it is a diploid multicellular reproductive cell
It produces spores which are reproductive cells that can form an adult without fusing |
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What happens with mitosis of spores
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they become a gametophyte
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What happens when a gamete in the gametophyte fuses
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it becomes a sporophyte
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what to sporangia do
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they produce spores
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Why are spores able to be dispursed through the air
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because the sporopollinin protects the spores
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What are sporocytes
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they are diploid mother cells that go through meiosis in order to produce haploid spores
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What is the difference between the way the land plants dispurse spores and algae
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algae dispurse through the water with flagellated spores
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What is the gametangia
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it is a multicellular organ in which the gametes are produced
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What is the difference from the archegonia and the antheridia
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the archegonia is the female gametangia which produces egges the antheridia is the male reproductive organ and produces sperm
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What do placental transfer cells do
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the pass nutrients from the parent to the embryo through elaborate ingrowthes in the wall surface
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What is vascular tissue
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it is cells that are joined together in order to form tubes that transport water and nutrients
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What is a non-vascular plant called
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a bryophite
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What are the three clades of vascular plants
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lycophytes (club mosses)
Pterophytes (ferns) Gymnosperms(no chambers) Angiosperms (chambers) |
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Of Lycophytes, Pterophytes, Angiosperms, and Gymnosperms which are seedless vascular plants
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Lycophytes and Pterophytes
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What is a seed
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it is an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside a protective coat
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What is in the clade angiosperm
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all flowering plants
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What happens when the ovaries in angiosperms mature
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they become fruits
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What are the reprensentations of bryophytes
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Liverworts, Hornworts, and mosses
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What has a large surface area and enhances the absorption of water and minerals
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a protonema
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In the bryophyte species which normally lives longer the gametophyte, sporophyte, or spore
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gametophyte
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What is a gametophore
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it is a gamete producing structure formed by the protonema in favorable conditions
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What is a moss gametophyte
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it is a ptotonema and a gametophore
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Why are bryophytes short
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because their gametophytes are normally ground hugging and they do not have vascular tissue
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What structure anchors bryophites to the ground
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rhizoids
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What is the difference from rhizoids and roots
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rhizoids are not composed of tissues , lack conducting cells, and their primary role is not the transfer of minerals and nutrients
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In the bryophyte are the sporo phytes independant
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no they stay attached to the gametophytes
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What are the basic parts of a bryophite sporophyte
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a foot, seta and a sporangium
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What absorbs nutrients in from a gametophyte in a sporophyte
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the foot
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The seta does what
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conducts minerals to the sporangium
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What is another name for a capsule and what does the capsule do
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sporangium and it turns the nutrients into spores
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What is a calyptra
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it is a protective cap of gametophyte on the capsule and is shed when the capsule matures
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Takes advantage of wind gusts and is specalized for gradual spore discharge
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peristome
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Which is the least complex bryophyte liverwarts, hornworts,or moss
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Liverwarts because the do not have stomata
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What do stomata do
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they support the exchange of CO2 and O2 between outside air and the sporophyte interior
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What happens to the stomata when it gets hot
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they close to prevent water loss
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What is partially decayed organic material
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peat
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What is the difference between vascular plants and bryophytes relating to sporophytes
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the sporophytes in vascular plants are not dependant on the gametophyte for nutrientce
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What is larger in vascular plants the gametophyte or the sporophyte
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the sporophyte
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What are the types of vascular tissue and what do they do
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xylem and phloem phloem is food xylem is water and minerals
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What is a tracheid
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they are tube shaped cells that carry the water and minerals up from the roots
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what is a polymer that strengthens the cell walls of the water conducting cells
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lingnin
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Why might you not call a bryophyte a tracheophyte
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because they dont have trachids
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what anchors vascular plants and transports nutrients for them and also helps them to grow taller
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roots
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What do leaves
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leave increase surface area in order to increase photosynthesis
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What tyep of leaves do lycophytes have
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microphylls they are small leaves like pine needles
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A very large surface area leaf
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megaphyll
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What is a modified leaf that has sporangia
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a sporophyll
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What is a sori
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it is a cluster of sporophylls normally on the underside of leaves
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What is a strobili and which plant normally grow these
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it is sporophyll that develops into a cone and most lycophytes and gymnosperms grow these
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What is the difference between homosporous and heterosporous
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in homosporous plant the plant grows one type of sporophyll and a bisexual gametophyte
and in the heterosporous they grow two types of sporophylls and it produces two spores |
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Which developes into a female gametophyte a megaspore or a microspore
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the megaspore
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are most seed plants homosporous or heterosporous
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heterosporous
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What attributes are common to all seed plants
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1)reduced gametophytes
2)heterospory 3)ovules 4)pollen |
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Seed plants exibit heterospory
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no
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