Bio 2 1St Exam Review Chapter 39

Front 1

plant's dry weight

Back 1

94% comes from Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen with the majority coming from carbon dioxide

Front 2

phytorediation

Back 2

removal harmful chemicals from the soil by plants

Front 3

TCE (trichloroetheylene

Back 3

carcinogenic to humans

Front 4

erosion

Back 4

can cause a loss of soil mineral nutrients in cultivated communities

Front 5

carnivorous plants

Back 5

evolved because of habitats with extremely limited nitrogen

Front 6

hydroponic culture

Back 6

Plants are suspended with their roots in a nutrient solution.

Front 7

macronutrients
elements

Back 7

Includes: C,O,H,N,K,Ca, Mg, P & S

Front 8

macronutrients

Back 8

- They approach or exceed 1% of a healthy plant's dry weight; required in relatively large amounts
- A deficiency in any one can have severe effects on a plant's growth.
- They can have important implications for human nutrition.
- The ability of the plants to uptake minerals is affected by soil pH.

Front 9

micronutrients
elements

Back 9

includes: Cl, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Cu, & Mo

Front 10

micronutrients

Back 10

- a deficiency makes the plant susceptible to herbivores

Front 11

fertilizers (minerals)

Back 11

organic have an advantage over inorganic because organic release nutrients more slowly

Front 12

consider fertilizers (mineral)

Back 12

Consider: Organic farming includes use of organic fertilizers and composted wastes, and non-use of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators

Front 13

citrate

Back 13

released by genetically modified plants which makes phosphate in soils more soluble

Front 14

plant growth

Back 14

does not require oxygen for photosynthesis; nitrogen, in relation to plant's carbon uptake, most limiting

Front 15

ammonia (NH3)

Back 15

nitrogen is needed by plants to build amino acids and nucleotides

Front 16

Nod factor

Back 16

important component of legume-bacterial interactions

Front 17

mycorrhizal fungi/plant symbiotic relationship

Back 17

more prevalent than the symbiotic relationships between nitrogen-fixing bacteria and plants

Front 18

consider mycorrihizal fungi/plant symbiotic relationship

Back 18

Consider: Nitrogen in its atmospheric form is not useable by plants

Front 19

top soil volume

Back 19

largest proportion is air and water

Front 20

soil characteristics

Back 20

- made up of one or more kinds of inorganic minerals and organic materials (such as humus which provides more water and minerals for plants)
- is product of weathering of rocks, - mineral and organic soil particles have mostly negatively-charged surfaces with negatively charged ions predominate in the soil solution.

Front 21

consider soil characteristics

Back 21

Consider: It is beneficial to plants that soil particles have negatively-charged surfaces because they attract positively-charged ions and prevent them from being washed deep into the soil.

Front 22

elevated atmospheric CO2

Back 22

has potential to increase growth rates, to alter the nutritional status of plants, and to increase herbivory

Front 23

increasing nutrient availability to crop plants

Back 23

- adding humus to soil
- crop rotation
- plowing crop residue under
- applying fertilizers

Front 24

consider increasing nutrient availability to crop plants

Back 24

Consider: The most important mineral nutrients added to soils in fertilizers are nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium

Front 25

insectivorous plants

Back 25

grow in acidic soils with low nitrogen

Front 26

consider insectivorous plants

Back 26

Consider: Nitrogen is most limiting for plant growth, especially in relation to the plant's carbon uptake.

Front 27

flavonoids

Back 27

released during the initiation of nitrogen fixation nodules to signal the Rhizobium bacteria

Front 28

mycorrhiza

Back 28

especially effective in helping plant roots uptake phosphorus which may be in limited availability to the plants since they would typically use the method of passive uptake to obtain what they need

Front 29

nitrogen fixation

Back 29

most energetically expensive reaction - splitting the triple bonds of a N2 molecule with the nitrogenase enzyme requires 16 ATPs

Front 30

erosion

Back 30

concern world-wide; caused primarily because soils are exposed and not covered by plants

Front 31

Most plant dry mass originates from:
A. oxygen
B. chlorophyll
C. carbon dioxide
D. water
E. soil minerals

Back 31

C. carbon dioxide

Front 32

Fertilizers are essentially made up of:
A. mostly organic matter
B. different types of soil
C. deficiency amendments
D. minerals
E. plant foods

Back 32

A. mostly organic matter

Front 33

Erosion of soils is of major concern throughout the world and happens mostly because of what factor?
A. Soils are exposed and not covered by plants.
B. heavy rainfall
C. Soils are exposed to winds.
D. Soils are not kept fertilized.
E. Soils are frequently flooded.

Back 33

A. Soils are exposed and not covered by plants.

Front 34

Soils are composed mostly of which of the following?
A. layers of many decaying elements
B. fertilizers and other organic materials
C. horse and cow manure
D. layers of material mostly from rocks
E. inorganic minerals and organic materials

Back 34

E. inorganic minerals and organic materials

Front 35

Which of the following is the reason humus is important as a soil component?
A. helps plants maintain upright growth
B. keeps plants in place so they do not fall over
C. puts plants closer to water sources
D. helps plants by providing more water and minerals
E. allows roots to grow deeper to reach water below

Back 35

D. helps plants by providing more water and minerals

Front 36

Which of the following is NOT a part of the concept of organic farming?
A. use of organic fertilizers
B. use of growth regulators
C. nonuse of pesticides
D. nonuse of inorganic fertilizers
E. use of composted wastes

Back 36

B. use of growth regulators

Front 37

Which of the following is the best answer for why plants require nitrogen?
A. to make carbon nitrogen bonds
B. to make chlorophyll
C. to make amino acids and nucleotides
D. to make cell walls
E. to make membranes

Back 37

C. to make amino acids and nucleotides

Front 38

One of the reasons study of nitrogen use in plants is of special interest is because:
A. Nitrogen is limited in our atmosphere.
B. Nitrogen in its atmospheric form is not useable by plants.
C. Nitrogen is often toxic to plants.
D. None of the forms of nitrogen are easily absorbed by plants.
E. Nitrogen is not an essential element for plant growth.

Back 38

.B. Nitrogen in its atmospheric form is not useable by plants.

Front 39

Phosphorus may be abundant in soils but may also be in availability to the plant.
A. excessive
B. bound to nitrogen
C. limited
D. tightly bound
E. absorbed

Back 39

C. limited

Front 40

Plants generally must use which of the following methods of phosphorus uptake?
A. nonenergy transport
B. transport control by soil moisture
C. passive uptake
D. ATP proton cotransport
E. None of these are true.

Back 40

C. passive uptake