Ast Week 2 Orthotics And Prosthetics

Front 1

provide care to persons with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments that contribute to functional limitation and disability by designing, fabricating, and fitting orthoses or custom-made braces.

Back 1

Orthotists

Front 2

Orthotists are responsible for?

Back 2

EVALUATING the patient’s functional and cosmetic needs

DESIGNING the orthosis selecting appropriate components, and fabricating, fitting, and aligning the orthosis.

EDUCATING the patient and the care providers on appropriate use of the orthosis, care of the orthosis, and how to assess continued appropriateness of the orthosis

Front 3

a device that is applied externally to a part of the body

Back 3

Orthosis

Front 4

A device that corrects irregularities

Back 4

Brace

Front 5

Usually used after surgery and does not allow for movement?

Back 5

Splint

Front 6

What is the goal of the splint

Back 6

immobilize or restrict movement of the pt

Front 7

Indications for recommending orthotic devices

Back 7

To relieve pain

To limit motion

Protect against injury

Provide Rest

Reduce Muscle Tone

Front 8

General orthotic indications?

Back 8

The degrees of freedom of each joint

The activity level of the client

The material selected for orthotic fabrication (e.g. allergic patients)

The number of joint segments

Front 9

Associated Drawbacks of the use if an orthotic device

Back 9

Discomfort

Local pain

Skin breakdown

Nerve compression

Muscle atrophy w/ prolonged use

Front 10

Role of Physical Therapy

Back 10

Teach the patient to don and doff the orthoses

Identify functional problems of the patient

Determine orthotic needs

Evaluate orthotic adequacy

Train the patient for proper use of the orthoses

Front 11

They provide care to patients with partial or total absence of limbs by designing, fabricating, and fitting prostheses or artificial limbs.

Back 11

Prothetists

Front 12

Prothetists are responsible for?

Back 12

Creating the design to fit the individual's particular functional and cosmetic needs;

Selects the appropriate materials and components;

Makes all necessary casts, measurements, and modifications, evaluates the fit and function of the prosthesis on the patient;

Teaches the patient how to care for the prosthesis

Front 13

used to provide an individual who has an amputated limb with the opportunity to perform functional tasks, particularly ambulation (walking) which may not be possible without the limb.

Back 13

Prosthesis

Front 14

How is a prosthesis determined?

Back 14

extent of an amputation or loss

location of the missing extremity.

Front 15

Absence of all or part of a limb as result of surgery, trauma or disease

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Amputation

Front 16

Etiology of Amputation

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Trauma

Infection

Tumors

Vascular disease

Congenital Deformity

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Top causes of amputation

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Neuropathy and vascular conditions

Trauma

Cancer

Congenital anomalies

Front 18

Caused by compound fracture, stab or gunshot wound compression injuries, and severe injuries.

Back 18

Trauma

Front 19

Vascular diseases include what?

Back 19

Ischemic disease

DM

Arteriosclerosis

Venous insufficiency

Front 20

About 75% of amputations in older patients fall within this category.

Back 20

Vascular disease

Front 21

Types of infection

Back 21

Acute fulminating infections

Chronic infections

Front 22

Treatment of sepsis with vasoconstrictor agents may at times lead to?

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Vessel Occlusion

Subsequent extremity necrosis

Necessitating amputation

Front 23

Types of tumors

Back 23

Benign

Malignant

Front 24

Examples of tumors

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Osteosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma

Ewing Sarcoma

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Extensive, severe damage d/t extreme heat or cold, also includes chemical or electrical burns

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Thermal, Chemical, or Electrical Injury

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Absence of a limb

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Amelia

Front 27

partial absence of a limb

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meromelia

Front 28

flipper-like appendage attached to the trunk

Back 28

Phocomelia

Front 29

Absent metacarpal or metatarsal

Back 29

Adactyly

Front 30

Absence of half of a limb

Back 30

Hemimelia

Front 31

Missing hand or foot

Back 31

Acheira

Front 32

Absent finger or toe

Back 32

Aphalangia

Front 33

Other name for general types of amputations?

Back 33

Brashear

Front 34

General types of amputations

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Open amputation/Guillotine Amputation

Closed amputation

Minor and Major amputation

Front 35

Open amputations needs how many number of operations required to construct a satisfactory stump

Back 35

2

Front 36

Open amputations must be followed by

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Secondary closure

Reamputation

Revision or plastic repair

Front 37

Indications for open amputations

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Infections

Severe traumatic wounds with extensive destruction of tissue and gross contamination of FB

Front 38

Purpose of open amputations

Back 38

To prevent or eliminate infection so that final closure of stump may be done w/o breakdown of wound

Front 39

Techniques for Open amputations

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Inverted skin flaps

Circular open amputations with operative skin traction

VAC (Vacuum-assisted closure)

Front 40

Most difficult to fit with a functional prosthesis, and is used less frequently

Back 40

Interscapulothoracic Amputation

Front 41

the interscapulothoracic amputation is most difficult to fit with a functional prosthesis d/t?

Back 41

Number of joint to be replaced

Multiple DOF available for control

Problems related to maintaining secure suspension of the prosthesis

Front 42

SH joint was amputated

Back 42

Shoulder disarticulation

Front 43

Most common satisfactory amputation in the ue

Back 43

Transhumeral Amputation

Front 44

The normal cm that is amputated in transhumeral amputation

Back 44

4-7 cm

Front 45

Elbow Disarticulation advantages

Back 45

Reduction in surgery time and blood loss

Provides improved prosthetic self-suspension

Reduces the rotation of the socket on the residual limb

Front 46

Disadvantages of elbow disarticulation

Back 46

Marginal cosmetic appearance caused by the required external elbow mechanism

Current limitation is technology which implode the use of externaly powered elbow mechanism

Front 47

Most common level because it allows the highest functional recovery

Back 47

Transradial amputation

Front 48

This type of amputation can complicate suspension and limit elbow flexion strength and elbow ROM

Back 48

Short transradial amputation

Front 49

this type of amputation is preferred when optimal externally powered prosthetic restoration is the goal and prosthetic restoration is the goal

Back 49

Medium forearm residual limb

Front 50

preferred when optimal body-powered prosthetic restoration is the goal and it is the ideal level for the pt who is expected to perform physically demanding work

Back 50

Long forearm residual limb

Front 51

Converts transradial amputation to radial and ulnar pincers

Back 51

Krukenberg amputation

Front 52

Not commonly done d/t difficult socket fabrication, conventional wrist units are too long and cannot be used, and is harder to fit with a myoelectric prosthesis

Back 52

Wrist Disarticulation

Front 53

Tyes of finger/digital amputation

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MCP disarticulation

Finger amputation

Thumb amputation

Front 54

Amputation of the lower limbs and the pelvis

Back 54

Hemicorporectomy

Front 55

Resection of the lower half of the pelvis

Back 55

Hemipelvectomy

Front 56

Amputation through the hip joint with pelvis intact

Back 56

Hip disarticulation

Front 57

Types of transfemoral amputation

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Short above knee

Middle above knee

Supracondylar amputation

Front 58

Amputation through the knee joint with whole femur still intact

Back 58

Knee Disarticulation

Front 59

Other name for knee disarticulation

Back 59

Gritti Stokes amputation

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In which the femoral condyles are transecting just proximal to the joint and the patella is attached to the metaphyseal bone

Back 60

Gritti stokes knee disarticulation

Front 61

Ankle disarticulation with attachment of the heel pad to the distal end of the tibia

Back 61

Syme amputation

Front 62

Other name for syme amputation?

Back 62

Transmalleolar amputation

Front 63

Amputation at the ankle with removal of the talus and fusion of the tibia and inferior calcaneus

Back 63

Boyd Amputation

Front 64

Amputation of the foot at the ankle, posterior part of the calcaneus being left in the stump.

Back 64

Pirogoff amputation

Front 65

Amputation of the foot at the ankle, posterior part of the calcaneus being left in the stump.

Back 65

Lisfranc's Amputation

Front 66

Amputation at the level of the midtarsals

Back 66

Chopart amputations