Ass. 57 - Mrs

Front 1

Genome of all DNA viruses

Back 1

Double stranded

(except parvovirus)

Front 2

Disease of Parvo B19

Back 2

(5th dz)
"slapped cheek"

Front 3

Dz papilloma virus

Back 3

Genital warts --> cervical carcinoma (squamous cells)

Front 4

Dz adenovirus

Back 4

Respiratory infection
Atypical pneumonia
(conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic cystitis)

Front 5

Dz Pox variola virus? vaccinia? molluscum contagiosum?

Back 5

Small pox
Cowpox
small pink warts on skin

Front 6

What herpes virus is associated with Kaposi sarcoma

Back 6

HHV-8

Front 7

Differentiate b/t chickenpox & smallpox

Back 7

Chickenpox: lesions at different stages
Smallpox: lesions all at same stage

Front 8

HSV1 & HSV2 multiple in what cells

Back 8

Fibroblasts

Front 9

VZV stored in what nerves during latency

Back 9

Throacolumbar DRG

Front 10

What herpes virus is associated with Roseola

Back 10

(6th disease)
HHV-6

stored in T-lymphocytes

Front 11

Rhinovirus causes

Back 11

Common cold
(RNA virus)

Front 12

Poliovirus causes

Back 12

Paralysis (alpha motoneuron)
(RNA virus)

Front 13

Coxsackie A virus causes

Back 13

Hand/foot/mouth disease
(RNA virus)

Front 14

Rotavirus causes

Back 14

Gastroenteritis in kids
(RNA virus)

Front 15

What are the Ag seen in Influenza A, B, C viruses

Back 15

H Ag - hemagglutinin
N Ag - neuraminidase

Front 16

Parainfluenza causes

Back 16

Croup (subglottitis)
(RNA virus)

Front 17

Mumps causes

Back 17

Parotitis & orchitis
(RNA virus)

Front 18

Rubella causes

Back 18

German measles
(RNA virus)

Front 19

Rubeola causes

Back 19

Measles
(RNA virus)

Front 20

Differentiated antigenic drift & antigenic shift

Back 20

drift - subtle changes d/t pt mutations

shift - severe epidemics & pandemics, gene recombination

Front 21

What does flavivirus cause? Vector?

Back 21

Dengue fever, st. louis encephalitis, yellow fever
(ARBO virus)
passed by mosquito

Front 22

What does Hantavirus cause? Vector?

Back 22

Fulminant respiratory infection
passed by deer mice

**only ARBO virus w/ NO arthropod vector

Front 23

Disease caused by JC virus

Back 23

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (immunocompromised pt)

Front 24

What is/is not a Prion?

Back 24

infections proteins that are trasmissed to other species via inoculation w/ infected brain tissue
NOT via body secretions
NOT inactivated by formalin

Front 25

Kuru ("trembling dz")

Back 25

Humans

Front 26

Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Back 26

Humans

Front 27

Scrapie

Back 27

Sheep

Front 28

BSE ("mad cow')

Back 28

Cattle

**may be transmitted to humans to cause a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob

Front 29

What retrovirus causes adult T-cell leukemia

Back 29

HTLV-1 (oncovirus)

(activates existing cellular genes (c-onc) --> malignant transformation)

Front 30

3 genes found in HIV genome

Back 30

Env-gag-pol

Front 31

Env (HIV) codes for

Back 31

gp41 - cell fusion
gp120 - binds to CD4 R

Front 32

Gag (HIV) codes for

Back 32

capsid protein (p24 - serologic marker)

Front 33

Pol (HIV) codes for

Back 33

Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
Protease

Front 34

TAT (HIV) codes for

Back 34

regulatory
-increases transcription rate
-suppresses synthesis MHC I proteins

Front 35

What test is used to screen for HIV? Confirm HIV?

Back 35

ELISA - screen
Western blot - confirm

* Ab 2-4 wks after infection

Front 36

What is a yeast? When is it formed? Examples?

Back 36

Single cell fungi
@ 37 C
(Candida, cryptococcus)

Front 37

What is a mold? When is it formed? Examples?

Back 37

Fungi forming hyphae
Outside human body
(Aspergillus)

Front 38

Spores are a/w sexual or asexual reproduction? Conidia?

Back 38

Spores - sexual (ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores?

Conidia - asexual (Arthroconidia, Chlamydioconidia)

Front 39

How do you dx fungal dz?

Back 39

Light microscopy using 10% KOH
(dissolves tissue but not fungal walls)

Front 40

Histoplasmosis: where? s/s?

Back 40

Humid soil - Mississippi river
Asymptomatic --> progressive pulmonary dz (looks like TB)

Front 41

Env (HIV) codes for

Back 41

gp41 - cell fusion
gp120 - binds to CD4 R

Front 42

Gag (HIV) codes for

Back 42

capsid protein (p24 - serologic marker)

Front 43

Pol (HIV) codes for

Back 43

Reverse transcriptase
Integrase
Protease

Front 44

TAT (HIV) codes for

Back 44

regulatory
-increases transcription rate
-suppresses synthesis MHC I proteins

Front 45

What test is used to screen for HIV? Confirm HIV?

Back 45

ELISA - screen
Western blot - confirm

* Ab 2-4 wks after infection

Front 46

What is a yeast? When is it formed? Examples?

Back 46

Single cell fungi
@ 37 C
(Candida, cryptococcus)

Front 47

What is a mold? When is it formed? Examples?

Back 47

Fungi forming hyphae
Outside human body
(Aspergillus)

Front 48

Spores are a/w sexual or asexual reproduction? Conidia?

Back 48

Spores - sexual (ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores?

Conidia - asexual (Arthroconidia, Chlamydioconidia)

Front 49

How do you dx fungal dz?

Back 49

Light microscopy using 10% KOH
(dissolves tissue but not fungal walls)

Front 50

Histoplasmosis: where? s/s?

Back 50

Humid soil - Mississippi river
Asymptomatic --> progressive pulmonary dz (looks like TB)

Front 51

Coccidioidomycosis: Where? s/s?

Back 51

AZ, NV, NM
"valley fever"
(fever, cough, arthralgia)

Front 52

Aspergillosis: typical pt? Clinical? Radiological?

Back 52

Allergy, asthma exacerbation
Pulmonary dz (immunocompromised)
CXR - visible fungus ball in cavity

Front 53

Life cycle Malaria

Back 53

Sporozoites into blood via mosquito (sexual cycle in mosquite --> sporozoites)
Merozoites in liver (hypnozoites)
infect RBC --> ring-shaped trophozoites --> multinucleated schizonts
RBC release merozoites or gametocytes (infect mosquito)

Front 54

Characteristics of P. vivax and ovale

Back 54

Fever peaks q48 hr
Latent form in liver

Ovale - rare

Front 55

Characteristics of P. falciparum

Back 55

Fever peaks q48 hr
Most severe, life-threatening
No trophozoites/schizonts in blood
Banana shaped gametocytes

Front 56

Characteristics of fever caused by P. malariae

Back 56

Fever peaks q72 hr

Front 57

Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii): characteristic/tx, typical pt, clinical?

Back 57

Fungus (antifungals don't work)
Tx - TMP-SMX or pentamidine
AIDS pt
sudden onset fever, dyspnea, tachypnea

Front 58

Toxoplasma gondii: host, infection, tx?

Back 58

GI tract cats (cat feces or undercooked pork)
cysts --> invade gut wall --> m. & brain
SEVERE congenital defects in preg.

Tx - sulfonamide (1st trimester), sulfonamide-pyrimethamine (all others)

Front 59

Causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniosis? Tx?

Back 59

Leishmania mexicana, L. tropica

Tx - stibogluconate

Front 60

Cauative agent of Chagas dz? Tx?

Back 60

Trypanosoma cruzi (America)
(kissing bug)

Tx - nifurtimox

Front 61

Causative agent African sleeping sickness?

Back 61

Trypanosoma gambiense (Tsetse fly)

Front 62

Entamoeba histolytica: clinical, transmission, tx?

Back 62

Bloody, mucus diarrhea
--> liver abscess
Sexually transmitted

Tx - metronidazole

Front 63

Giardia lamblia: inhabits where, clinical, tx?

Back 63

Excystation in duodenum
Non-blood, foul smelling diarrhea

Tx - metronidazole

Front 64

Cryptosporidium: clinical, typical pt?

Back 64

Severe diarrhea in immunocompromised pt (AIDS)

Front 65

Trichomonas: clinical, transmission, tx?

Back 65

M - asymptomatic to non-purulent urethritis
F - foul-smelling, watery, green, discharge
STD
Tx - metronidazole

Front 66

Schistosoma: host, transmission, life cycle?

Back 66

Snail release larvae (cercariae)
Penetrate human skin
--> systemic circulation --> intestinal capillaries to portal circulation
(mature in portal v.)

Front 67

S. mansoni
S. japonicum
S. hematobium

What vessels do they settle in?

Back 67

-v. of colon
-v. of sm intestine
-v. of urinary bladder

Front 68

Clonorchis sinensis: infectious route, settles?

Back 68

Eating raw fish
Liver (bile stones, obstruction, duct CA)

Front 69

Paragonimus: infectious route, settles in?

Back 69

Eating raw crab
Lung (eosinophilic inflammation)

Front 70

Tx of flukes

Back 70

Praziquantel

Front 71

What happens if pt ingests larvae of tapeworms? Ingests eggs?

Back 71

Larvae - primary host & remain in gut

Eggs - intermediate host, developing larvae invade tissues and cause dz

Front 72

T. solium: source, ingested form, dz (settles)

Back 72

Pork, larvae, intestine

Human feces, eggs, brain & eyes

Front 73

T. saginata: source, ingested form, dz (settles)

Back 73

Beef, larvae, intestine

Front 74

D. latum: source, ingested form, dz (settles)

Back 74

Raw fish, larvae, intestine

Front 75

Echinococcus: source, ingested form, dz (settles)

Back 75

Dog feces, eggs, liver, lung & brain

Front 76

Tx tapeworms

Back 76

Niclosamide

Front 77

Enterobius: clinical

Back 77

Perianal pruritus (NOC)

Front 78

Ascaris: worm lives ____, larvae migrate ____

Back 78

colon
lung

Front 79

Necator: clinical

Back 79

intestinal blood loss

Front 80

Strongyloides: larvae ____, migrate to ___

Back 80

penetrate skin
lung

Front 81

Trichinella: get from ___, larvae form cysts ___

Back 81

pork meat
striated m.

Front 82

Wuchereria lives where in human

Back 82

LNs
(lymph obstruction)

Front 83

Onchocerca causes?

Back 83

"river blindness"

Front 84

Tx roundworms

Back 84

Mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate

Front 85

Biochemical rxns take place in liver

Back 85

FA synthesis
GNG
AA synthesis
Urea synthesis
Cholesterol synthesis

Front 86

Biochemical Rxn take place in bone marrow

Back 86

Heme synthesis

Front 87

Biochemical rxn takes place in kidneys

Back 87

GNG

(Liver too)

Front 88

Competitive inhibitor binds ____ & ____ doesn't change

Back 88

SAME site
(1/Vmax) doesn't change

Front 89

Noncompetitive inhibitor binds ____ & ____ doesn't change

Back 89

Different site
(-1/Km) doesn't change

Front 90

Something has a HIGH Km = ____ affinity

Back 90

Low affinity

Front 91

Amino acids that are acidic

Back 91

Aspartate
Glutamate

Front 92

Amino acids that are basic

Back 92

Histidine
Lysine
Arginine

Front 93

Essential amino acids

Back 93

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
Trytophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine
Lysine, Arginine
Histidine, Threonine

Front 94

Strictly ketogenic amino acids

Back 94

Leucine
Lysine

Front 95

Keto- & glucogenic amino acids

Back 95

Isoleucine, Threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine

Front 96

Trypsin cleaves at

Back 96

-(Arg or Lys) - (any)-

Front 97

Chymotrypsin cleaves at

Back 97

-(Phe, Tyr, Trp or Leu) - (any)-

Front 98

What amino acid are these made from?
(dopa, dopamine, NE, epi, T3, T4, melanin)

Back 98

Tyrosine

Front 99

What amino acid are these made from?
(5-HT, melatonin, niacin)

Back 99

Tryptophan

Front 100

What amino acid are these made from?
(GABA)

Back 100

glutamate

Front 101

What amino acid are these made from?
(porphyin, heme, creatine)

Back 101

Glycine

Front 102

What amino acid is histamine made from

Back 102

Histidine