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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genome of all DNA viruses
|
Double stranded
(except parvovirus) |
|
Disease of Parvo B19
|
(5th dz)
"slapped cheek" |
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Dz papilloma virus
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Genital warts --> cervical carcinoma (squamous cells)
|
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Dz adenovirus
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Respiratory infection
Atypical pneumonia (conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic cystitis) |
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Dz Pox variola virus? vaccinia? molluscum contagiosum?
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Small pox
Cowpox small pink warts on skin |
|
What herpes virus is associated with Kaposi sarcoma
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HHV-8
|
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Differentiate b/t chickenpox & smallpox
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Chickenpox: lesions at different stages
Smallpox: lesions all at same stage |
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HSV1 & HSV2 multiple in what cells
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Fibroblasts
|
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VZV stored in what nerves during latency
|
Throacolumbar DRG
|
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What herpes virus is associated with Roseola
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(6th disease)
HHV-6 stored in T-lymphocytes |
|
Rhinovirus causes
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Common cold
(RNA virus) |
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Poliovirus causes
|
Paralysis (alpha motoneuron)
(RNA virus) |
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Coxsackie A virus causes
|
Hand/foot/mouth disease
(RNA virus) |
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Rotavirus causes
|
Gastroenteritis in kids
(RNA virus) |
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What are the Ag seen in Influenza A, B, C viruses
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H Ag - hemagglutinin
N Ag - neuraminidase |
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Parainfluenza causes
|
Croup (subglottitis)
(RNA virus) |
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Mumps causes
|
Parotitis & orchitis
(RNA virus) |
|
Rubella causes
|
German measles
(RNA virus) |
|
Rubeola causes
|
Measles
(RNA virus) |
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Differentiated antigenic drift & antigenic shift
|
drift - subtle changes d/t pt mutations
shift - severe epidemics & pandemics, gene recombination |
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What does flavivirus cause? Vector?
|
Dengue fever, st. louis encephalitis, yellow fever
(ARBO virus) passed by mosquito |
|
What does Hantavirus cause? Vector?
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Fulminant respiratory infection
passed by deer mice **only ARBO virus w/ NO arthropod vector |
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Disease caused by JC virus
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (immunocompromised pt)
|
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What is/is not a Prion?
|
infections proteins that are trasmissed to other species via inoculation w/ infected brain tissue
NOT via body secretions NOT inactivated by formalin |
|
Kuru ("trembling dz")
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Humans
|
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob
|
Humans
|
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Scrapie
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Sheep
|
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BSE ("mad cow')
|
Cattle
**may be transmitted to humans to cause a variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob |
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What retrovirus causes adult T-cell leukemia
|
HTLV-1 (oncovirus)
(activates existing cellular genes (c-onc) --> malignant transformation) |
|
3 genes found in HIV genome
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Env-gag-pol
|
|
Env (HIV) codes for
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gp41 - cell fusion
gp120 - binds to CD4 R |
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Gag (HIV) codes for
|
capsid protein (p24 - serologic marker)
|
|
Pol (HIV) codes for
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Reverse transcriptase
Integrase Protease |
|
TAT (HIV) codes for
|
regulatory
-increases transcription rate -suppresses synthesis MHC I proteins |
|
What test is used to screen for HIV? Confirm HIV?
|
ELISA - screen
Western blot - confirm * Ab 2-4 wks after infection |
|
What is a yeast? When is it formed? Examples?
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Single cell fungi
@ 37 C (Candida, cryptococcus) |
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What is a mold? When is it formed? Examples?
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Fungi forming hyphae
Outside human body (Aspergillus) |
|
Spores are a/w sexual or asexual reproduction? Conidia?
|
Spores - sexual (ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores?
Conidia - asexual (Arthroconidia, Chlamydioconidia) |
|
How do you dx fungal dz?
|
Light microscopy using 10% KOH
(dissolves tissue but not fungal walls) |
|
Histoplasmosis: where? s/s?
|
Humid soil - Mississippi river
Asymptomatic --> progressive pulmonary dz (looks like TB) |
|
Env (HIV) codes for
|
gp41 - cell fusion
gp120 - binds to CD4 R |
|
Gag (HIV) codes for
|
capsid protein (p24 - serologic marker)
|
|
Pol (HIV) codes for
|
Reverse transcriptase
Integrase Protease |
|
TAT (HIV) codes for
|
regulatory
-increases transcription rate -suppresses synthesis MHC I proteins |
|
What test is used to screen for HIV? Confirm HIV?
|
ELISA - screen
Western blot - confirm * Ab 2-4 wks after infection |
|
What is a yeast? When is it formed? Examples?
|
Single cell fungi
@ 37 C (Candida, cryptococcus) |
|
What is a mold? When is it formed? Examples?
|
Fungi forming hyphae
Outside human body (Aspergillus) |
|
Spores are a/w sexual or asexual reproduction? Conidia?
|
Spores - sexual (ascospores, basidiospores, zygospores?
Conidia - asexual (Arthroconidia, Chlamydioconidia) |
|
How do you dx fungal dz?
|
Light microscopy using 10% KOH
(dissolves tissue but not fungal walls) |
|
Histoplasmosis: where? s/s?
|
Humid soil - Mississippi river
Asymptomatic --> progressive pulmonary dz (looks like TB) |
|
Coccidioidomycosis: Where? s/s?
|
AZ, NV, NM
"valley fever" (fever, cough, arthralgia) |
|
Aspergillosis: typical pt? Clinical? Radiological?
|
Allergy, asthma exacerbation
Pulmonary dz (immunocompromised) CXR - visible fungus ball in cavity |
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Life cycle Malaria
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Sporozoites into blood via mosquito (sexual cycle in mosquite --> sporozoites)
Merozoites in liver (hypnozoites) infect RBC --> ring-shaped trophozoites --> multinucleated schizonts RBC release merozoites or gametocytes (infect mosquito) |
|
Characteristics of P. vivax and ovale
|
Fever peaks q48 hr
Latent form in liver Ovale - rare |
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Characteristics of P. falciparum
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Fever peaks q48 hr
Most severe, life-threatening No trophozoites/schizonts in blood Banana shaped gametocytes |
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Characteristics of fever caused by P. malariae
|
Fever peaks q72 hr
|
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Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii): characteristic/tx, typical pt, clinical?
|
Fungus (antifungals don't work)
Tx - TMP-SMX or pentamidine AIDS pt sudden onset fever, dyspnea, tachypnea |
|
Toxoplasma gondii: host, infection, tx?
|
GI tract cats (cat feces or undercooked pork)
cysts --> invade gut wall --> m. & brain SEVERE congenital defects in preg. Tx - sulfonamide (1st trimester), sulfonamide-pyrimethamine (all others) |
|
Causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniosis? Tx?
|
Leishmania mexicana, L. tropica
Tx - stibogluconate |
|
Cauative agent of Chagas dz? Tx?
|
Trypanosoma cruzi (America)
(kissing bug) Tx - nifurtimox |
|
Causative agent African sleeping sickness?
|
Trypanosoma gambiense (Tsetse fly)
|
|
Entamoeba histolytica: clinical, transmission, tx?
|
Bloody, mucus diarrhea
--> liver abscess Sexually transmitted Tx - metronidazole |
|
Giardia lamblia: inhabits where, clinical, tx?
|
Excystation in duodenum
Non-blood, foul smelling diarrhea Tx - metronidazole |
|
Cryptosporidium: clinical, typical pt?
|
Severe diarrhea in immunocompromised pt (AIDS)
|
|
Trichomonas: clinical, transmission, tx?
|
M - asymptomatic to non-purulent urethritis
F - foul-smelling, watery, green, discharge STD Tx - metronidazole |
|
Schistosoma: host, transmission, life cycle?
|
Snail release larvae (cercariae)
Penetrate human skin --> systemic circulation --> intestinal capillaries to portal circulation (mature in portal v.) |
|
S. mansoni
S. japonicum S. hematobium What vessels do they settle in? |
-v. of colon
-v. of sm intestine -v. of urinary bladder |
|
Clonorchis sinensis: infectious route, settles?
|
Eating raw fish
Liver (bile stones, obstruction, duct CA) |
|
Paragonimus: infectious route, settles in?
|
Eating raw crab
Lung (eosinophilic inflammation) |
|
Tx of flukes
|
Praziquantel
|
|
What happens if pt ingests larvae of tapeworms? Ingests eggs?
|
Larvae - primary host & remain in gut
Eggs - intermediate host, developing larvae invade tissues and cause dz |
|
T. solium: source, ingested form, dz (settles)
|
Pork, larvae, intestine
Human feces, eggs, brain & eyes |
|
T. saginata: source, ingested form, dz (settles)
|
Beef, larvae, intestine
|
|
D. latum: source, ingested form, dz (settles)
|
Raw fish, larvae, intestine
|
|
Echinococcus: source, ingested form, dz (settles)
|
Dog feces, eggs, liver, lung & brain
|
|
Tx tapeworms
|
Niclosamide
|
|
Enterobius: clinical
|
Perianal pruritus (NOC)
|
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Ascaris: worm lives ____, larvae migrate ____
|
colon
lung |
|
Necator: clinical
|
intestinal blood loss
|
|
Strongyloides: larvae ____, migrate to ___
|
penetrate skin
lung |
|
Trichinella: get from ___, larvae form cysts ___
|
pork meat
striated m. |
|
Wuchereria lives where in human
|
LNs
(lymph obstruction) |
|
Onchocerca causes?
|
"river blindness"
|
|
Tx roundworms
|
Mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate |
|
Biochemical rxns take place in liver
|
FA synthesis
GNG AA synthesis Urea synthesis Cholesterol synthesis |
|
Biochemical Rxn take place in bone marrow
|
Heme synthesis
|
|
Biochemical rxn takes place in kidneys
|
GNG
(Liver too) |
|
Competitive inhibitor binds ____ & ____ doesn't change
|
SAME site
(1/Vmax) doesn't change |
|
Noncompetitive inhibitor binds ____ & ____ doesn't change
|
Different site
(-1/Km) doesn't change |
|
Something has a HIGH Km = ____ affinity
|
Low affinity
|
|
Amino acids that are acidic
|
Aspartate
Glutamate |
|
Amino acids that are basic
|
Histidine
Lysine Arginine |
|
Essential amino acids
|
Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
Trytophan, Phenylalanine, Methionine Lysine, Arginine Histidine, Threonine |
|
Strictly ketogenic amino acids
|
Leucine
Lysine |
|
Keto- & glucogenic amino acids
|
Isoleucine, Threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine
|
|
Trypsin cleaves at
|
-(Arg or Lys) - (any)-
|
|
Chymotrypsin cleaves at
|
-(Phe, Tyr, Trp or Leu) - (any)-
|
|
What amino acid are these made from?
(dopa, dopamine, NE, epi, T3, T4, melanin) |
Tyrosine
|
|
What amino acid are these made from?
(5-HT, melatonin, niacin) |
Tryptophan
|
|
What amino acid are these made from?
(GABA) |
glutamate
|
|
What amino acid are these made from?
(porphyin, heme, creatine) |
Glycine
|
|
What amino acid is histamine made from
|
Histidine
|