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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What sleep stage do night terrors, sleep walking/talking occur
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Stage 3, 4
Have delta waves |
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What sleep stage do you have penile erections & dreams, nightmares
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REM
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What are night terrors
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Fright
No memory or dream |
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Describe narcolepsy
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Suddenly fall asleep (REM)
Cataplexy - sudden loss of m. tone Hypnagogic hallucinations Sleep paralysis |
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Leading cause of death in white teenagers? black teenagers
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Motor vehicle accidents
Homicide |
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Stages of dying according to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross
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Denial
Anger Bargaining Grief Acceptance |
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What NT is a/w schizophrenia
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Increased dopamine
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What NT is a/w depression
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Decreased NE, Serotonin, Dopamine
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What NT is a/w Alzeheimer's disease
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Decreased ACh
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What NT is a/w anxiety
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GABA decreased
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How do BDZ and barbiturates work
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Act on GABA R
(open Cl channels --> hyperpolarize --> decreased n. firing) |
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Common cause of delirium
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Toxins
Metabolites Infection |
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Differentiate b/t delirium & dementia
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Delirium - impaired consciousness, quick & fluctuates, reversible
Dementia - unimpaired consciousness, slow & progressive, irreversible |
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Anxious & withdrawn & doesn't want close relationships
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Schizoid
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Odd ideas, paranoia, magical thinking
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Schizotypal
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Severe d/o w/ features of psychoses, intense, unstable relationships, self-damaging, suicidal
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Borderline
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Sickly most of life, many organ systems (GI, CV, Resp, Repro, pain); > 12 symptoms, hx for several yrs
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Somatization d/o
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Pseudo-neurological, begin & end suddenly
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Conversion d/o
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Relative risk
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(incidence w/ risk)/ (incidence w/o risk)
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Sensitivity
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Sick pt will test positive
TP / (TP + FN) Used for screening |
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Specificity
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Probability that a health pt will have a negative test result
TN / (TN+FP) confirm dx |
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PPV
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Probability that a pt w/ positive test result is actually sick
TP / (TP + FP) |
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NPV
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Probability that a pt w/o dz will test negative
TN / (TN + FN) |
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Randomized clinical trials
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-Interventions
-Selection random -Assessment before & after intervention |
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Null hypothesis
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Assumes that there is no significant difference b/t new drug/tx and control tx
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Type I error
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Null hypothesis is rejected although it was true
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Observational cohort study (prospective)
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Estimates incidence in grps w/ different risk factors
-observes natural events over time -presence/absence of risk factors compared |
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Case control study (retrospective)
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ID risk factors
-determines presence of risk factors retrospectively -presence/absence of disease -assessed for dx, then asked about risk factors |
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Cross sectional study
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Determine correlations b/t 2 or more variables
-presence of variables -single pt grp for which association b/t variables -all variables of interest at same pt of time |
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When is involuntary tx legal
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Mentally ill
Danger to self or others |
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When is it safe to break confidentiality
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Significant risk to others
(HIV prostitute, threatens to kill, child abuse) |
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No parental consent for tx of minor required if
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Emergency
Pregnancy Tx of STD (some states require consent for abortion) |
