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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is biogas mainly made out of ? |
Methane |
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When is biogas produced ? |
It is produced during anaerobic fermentation by bacteria |
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The more methane in the gas mixture, the better the ......... of the biogas |
quality |
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How is food production made more efficient ? e.g. length of food chain |
Shorter food chains |
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How can we produce meat more efficiently ? |
-Prevent animal from moving so it doesn't waste energy on movement -Keep animal in a warm shed so it doesn't use as much energy trying to maintain its body temperature |
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What monitors and controls the level of glucose in our blood ? |
The pancreas |
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What happens in Type 1 diabetes ? |
The blood glucose level rises to high levels due to no, or too little, insulin being produced to control the blood sugar levels |
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How is Type 1 diabetes controlled ? |
-Injections -Careful attention to diet and exercise levels |
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Define osmosis |
The movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane |
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Define active transport |
The process by which dissolved molecules move across a cell membrane from a lower to a higher concentration. The particles move against the concentration gradient |
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Active transport requires the release of energy from what ? |
Respiration of cells |
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True or false, ions and other substances such as sugar can be absorbed by using active transport ? |
True |
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What carries the oxygenated blood from the heart then around the body? |
Aorta |
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True or false, the pulmonary artery takes oxygenated blood form the lungs |
False |
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What brings the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart ? |
Pulmonary vein |
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Deoxygenated blood from the body is taken into the right or left atrium ? |
Right |
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What prevents a back flow of blood ? |
Valves in your heart |
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What does homeostasis do ? |
Keeps the conditions inside our bodies within a narrow range. Conditions must be carefully controlled |
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Name 2 waste products that have to be removed from our body and where they come from ? |
-Carbon dioxide, happens as a resultant product from respiration in cells -Urea, produced in the liver from the breakdown of amino acids |
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What do our kidneys do ? |
-Filter blood -Excrete substances your body doesnt need |
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Name 2 disadvantages of artificial blood |
-Blood clots easily -Long stays in hospitals -Expensive |
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What does the xylem do in a plant ?
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Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers |
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What does the phloem do ? |
Carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant |
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Is mycoprotein produced in aerobic or anaerobic conditions ? |
Aerobic |
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What fungus is used to produce mycoprotein? |
Fusarium |
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How can fish stocks be maintained ? |
-Controlling fish quotas -Controlling net sizes (stops young fish being caught) |
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Why do kidney donors have to be a very good 'tissue match' ? |
So that rejection is prevented |
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Other than dialysis, what is an option to replace a kidney that isn't functioning properly ? |
Kidney transplant |
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What do immunosuppressant drugs do in the body to a person who has juts had a kidney transplant ? |
They suppress the immune systems response |
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What might attack a person's donor kidney as the kidney has been recognised as 'foreign'? |
Antibodies from the white blood cells attack antigens on the surface of the kidney |
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What is the definition for deforestation ? |
Means that many trees were cut down |
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Name a reason why deforestation has occurred ? |
-So that crops can be grown to produce ethanol-based biofuels -An increase in demand for cattle and rice fields, more space in needed in order for these to grow and develop |
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What happens as a result of deforestation ? |
-Increased release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere -reduced rate of which carbon dioxide is removed form the atmosphere as there is less plants to perform photosynthesis -Reduced biodiversity due to loss of food and habitats |
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More cattle and rice means more methane is produced, which leads to an increase of what in the atmosphere ? |
Methane |
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Destruction of peat bogs leads to the release of what into the atmosphere ? |
Carbon dioxide |
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What are the villi ? |
They are an efficient exchange surface for the absorption of the soluble products of digestion by diffusion or alive transport |
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What do the villi provide ? |
They provide a large surface area and have a good blood supply |
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How thick are the walls of villi ? |
Very thin, one cell thick |
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Why do villi have a rich blood supply ? |
So that there is a steep concentration gradient for efficient diffusion |
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What is the lining of the small intestine called ? |
Villus
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What does the stomata in plants allow ?
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It allows diffusion of carbon dioxide into the leaf from the atmosphere |
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Why are leaves flat ?
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So that the surface area is increased for more efficient diffusion of gases |
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What 2 gases diffuse in and out of the stomata ? |
Oxygen and carbon dioxide |
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Can soluble products of digestion be absorbed by diffusion or active transport ? |
It can be absorbed by both ways |
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What fungus is grown in order to produce mycoprotein ? |
Fusarium |
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What is fusarium grown aerobically on ? |
Cheap sugar syrup made from waste starch |
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What are microorganisms grown on a large scale in ? |
Industrial fermenters |
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Why do conditions where fusarium is grown need to be carefully controlled ? |
To ensure maximum growth of the fungus |
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Name 3 features of an industrial fermenter |
-Air supply for providing oxygen for respiration -Stirrers or gas bubbles used to keep the micro-organisms spread out and to keep an even temperature -A water cooled jacket around the outside, as the respiring micro-organisms release energy which heats the contents -Sensors to monitor both pH and the temperature |
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How are fish stocks in oceans monitored ? Name 2 ways |
-FIsherman can only remove a strict allocation of fish per year (quota)
-Fisherman may only use certain size nets to avoid catching small, young fish |
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What monitors and controls the level of glucose in our blood ? |
The pancreas/insulin |
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What happens if there is too much glucose in our blood ? (what is produced) |
Insulin is produced |
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What is excess glucose converted into, and where ? |
Converted into glycogen in the liver |
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When little or no insulin is produced, what is the condition known as ? |
Type 1 diabetes |
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What kind of cells take in glucose from the blood? |
Fat cells |
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What is released by the liver when your blood sugar level gets too low ? |
Glucagon
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True or false, biofuels are made from artificial products |
False, they are made from natural products |
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What are the 2 types of biofuel ?
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Ethanol-based fuels and biogas |
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How can we produce ethanol-based fuels ? |
By fermentation |
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Where is urea produced ? |
In the kidney |
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How does a healthy kidney produce urea ? There are 4 steps, it involves filtering and reabsorbing |
-Filter the blood -Reabsorb the sugar -Reabsorb dissolved ions that are needed by the body -Reabsorb as much water as needed -Releasing urea, excess ions and water in the urine |
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Where is urine temporarily stored before being removed from the body ? |
The bladder |
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Urea is the breakdown of what ? |
Amino acids |
