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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a double blind trial? |
A trial where neither the doctor nor patients know whether they are receiving a placebo or not. |
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What is a metabolic rate and what is it affected by? |
The rate at which chemical reaction occur in a person's body. It is affected by age, sex, diet and a person's muscle to fat ratio. |
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How do statins work? |
They block the enzyme that controls the production of cholesterol in the liver. |
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What process do microbes do which cause the decay of biomass? |
Aerobic respiration |
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Give three way energy is lost from a food chain. |
Heat Movement Excretion |
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What conditions do microbes require for decay? |
Warm Moist Aerobic |
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What is balanced diet? |
A diet with the right proportions of each food group and enough energy. |
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What is thalidomide used for nowadays? |
It is used to treat leprosy. |
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What is a synapse? |
A gap between two neurones. |
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What is an independent company? |
A company that makes its own decisions and is therefore unbiased. |
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What do receptors in the skin detect? |
Temperature, pain and pressure. |
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Why do we control our body temperature? |
We control it to maintain the optimum temperature for the enzymes in our body to work. |
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What is a pathogen? |
Any microorganisms that does harm upon entering the body. |
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How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? How do we stop this from happening? |
Variation in bacteria due to mutations. Some become resistant to antibiotics. They survive and reproduce increasin the population of resistant bacteria. To stop this from happening, antibiotics are only used for serious cases. |
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What is the maximum temperature that culture are to be kept at in schools? |
25°C |
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Why is it difficult to stop addicts from consuming drugs? |
Drugs change the body's chemistry forming a dependance on them. |
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Who introduced handwashing before and after surgeries? |
Semmelweis |
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How can white blood cells defend against pathogens? |
Ingest the pathogens Produce antibodies to destroy them Produce antitoxins to counteract the toxins |
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Why are the impacts of legal drugs greater than the impacts of illegal drugs? |
They are more easy to obtain. |
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What did thalidomide cause in new born babies? |
Limb abnormalities. |
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What was thalidomide effective in treating in pregnant women? |
Morning sickness. |
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What was thalidomide originally developed as? |
A sleeping pill. |
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What do stimulants do to the body? |
They speed up the rates of bodily functions. |
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What do anabolic steroids do? |
Stimulate muscle growth. |
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What is cannabis? |
A recreational drug which smoke can cause mental illness. |
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Describe the processs of phototropism. |
Auxins produced in the apex of the plant flow down the side where there is no light causing the cells on that side to elongate, bending the plant towards the light. |
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What changes may animals experience in order to adapt to dry or arctic conditions? |
Changes in surface area Changes in body fat Thickness of insulating coat Camouflage |
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What changes may plants undergo to survive in dry environments? |
Changes in surface area (especially of leaves) Amount of water storage tissues More extensive root systems |
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What does MMR stand for? |
Measles,mumps and rubella |
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What plant hormone controls and coordinates plant growth? |
Auxins |
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Where are FSH and LH produced? |
The pituitary gland |
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Do auxins in the root cause cells to shorten or elongate? |
Shorten |
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What are the functions of oestrogen? |
It thickens the lining of the uterus, inhibits the production of FSH and begins the production of LH. This stops any other egg cell maturing. |
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What three things are drugs tested for? |
Side effects Efficacy Dosage |
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What three things to animals compete for? |
Territory Food Mates |
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What four things do plants compete for? |
Space Light Water Nutrients |
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What is an extremophile? |
An animal that had been adapted to extreme conditions such as high temperatures or salt concentrations |
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What pollutant gas are lichen especially sensitive to? |
Sulphur dioxide |
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Some living things can show us how polluted and environment is. What are they called? |
Indicator species |
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What piece of apparatus is used to transfer microbes onto agar jelly? |
An inoculating loop. |
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What is it called when we kill all unwanted microbes when culturing a microorganism?
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Sterilising |
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To increase the rate of microbial growth, what factor would need to be increased? |
Temperature |
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What name is given to the process of using small groups of cells from part of a plant to clone it? |
Tissue culture |
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What is embryo splitting? |
Splitting apart the cells in an embryo to create separate embryos. |
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Describe the process of genetic modification. |
The desired gene is removed from the chromosome using enzymes and inserted into the chromosome of the organism you want to display the characteristic at an early stage. |
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What are the differences in the characteristics of organisms known as? |
Variation |
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Who proposed the theory that changes in living things that happen in their lifetime can be inherited? |
Lamarck |
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Grouping animals into categories such as plants or microorganisms according to their similarities and differences is known as what? |
Classification |
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How does tissue culture work? |
Cells from a growing part of the plant are removed and grown on nutrient rich agar jelly. Once they have developed into shoots, they are the planted. |
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Describe the process of adult cell cloning. |
The nucleus from a donor egg cell is removed and replaced with the nucleus from a body cell of the organism you want to clone. The cell is then implanted into a donor uterus. |
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The organ that a hormone works on is called the what? |
Target organ |
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What is an epidemic? |
An outbreak of a disease in one country |
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What is a pandemic? |
An outbreak of a disease across multiple countries. |
