Aqa Gcse Biology Unit 3 Key Words

Front 1

Osmosis

Back 1

Process where water moves from a dilute to a concentrated form through a partially permiable membrane.

Front 2

Active transport

Back 2

The movement of molecules against the concentration gradient. process is aided by respiration from mitochondria and carrier proteins.

Front 3

Tuber

Back 3

A plant structure which stores nutrients such as starch for future growth.

Front 4

Transpiration

Back 4

The movement of water through a plant, upwards and out of the leaves as water vapour. Travels up the Xylem from high pressure in roots to low pressure in the leaves.

Front 5

Xylem (zeye- lem)

Back 5

Long dead hollow cells that carry water and minerals from the roots, up the plants stem towards the leaves.

Front 6

Phloem (flow-em)

Back 6

living cells which transports sugars form leaves to flowers and tubers.

Front 7

Evapouration

Back 7

Process where the surface water molecules gain enrgy to become a gas. the process is accelerated by wind, hot days and dry air.

Front 8

Red Blood Cell

Back 8

Cell that carries oxygen, they have no nucleus to make room for more hemoglobin, has large surface area and a diammeter of 0.008mm.

Front 9

Hemoglobin

Back 9

Iron based protein that can capture oxygen to become oxyhemoglobin, in other organs the oxyhemoglobin breakes down to form oxygen and hemoglobin.

Front 10

White Blood Cell

Back 10

Defends the body against pathogens.

Front 11

Platelets

Back 11

Clot blood at point of wounds.

Front 12

Blood plasma

Back 12

Carries Carbon Dioxide, waste products, Glucose, Dissolved food, Urea, Ammino Acids.

Front 13

Urea

Back 13

The product of the liver breaking down dangerouse ammino acids into a chemical that is less dangerouse. removed by the kidneys, released in the urine.

Front 14

Ammino Acids

Back 14

Building blocks of proteins, they make up Enzymes. they cannot be stored in the body.

Front 15

Net deifusion

Back 15

Overall movement of molecules.

Front 16

Difusion

Back 16

TheNet movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration.

Front 17

Mitochondria

Back 17

Cells that respire glucose and oxygen to release CO2, energy and water.

Front 18

Exchange surface

Back 18

An area that has to have a large surface area; short diffusion path, good or efficient blood supply, and is ventilated (in animals).

Front 19

Villus - Plural villi

Back 19

A small fingerlike projection with a large surface area and rich blood supply. Often found in the intestine; stomach and digestive system

Front 20

Intercostal muscles

Back 20

The muscles between the ribs that allow the ribs to move.

Front 21

Diaphragm

Back 21

Muscle beneath the heart and lungs that creates negative pressure to breathe in, positive pressure to breathe out.

Front 22

Thorax

Back 22

The area between the bottom of the neck and the end of the ribs near the hips.

Front 23

Abdomen

Back 23

The area between the bottom of the ribs and the hips.

Front 24

Alveoli

Back 24

Cauliflower shaped bags within the lungs and other rich blood supply and massive surface area for diffusion of oxygen into the blood.

Front 25

Trachea

Back 25

Known as the windpipe, made up of cartilage rings and carries a down to the bronchi.

Front 26

Bronchi

Back 26

The two main pipes that connect both lungs to the trachea.

Front 27

Bronchioles

Back 27

The smaller tubes that branch off the bronchi into the lungs.

Front 28

Stomata

Back 28

The holes found in the bottom of a leaf, surrounded by guard cells.

Front 29

Guard cells

Back 29

Cells that open and close around the stomata to control the flow of gas exchange.

Front 30

Pulmonary vein

Back 30

The vein that comes in from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Front 31

Left atrium

Back 31

Stores blood temporarily in the heart set the left ventricle has a uninterrupted flow of blood.

Front 32

Left ventricle

Back 32

Contains the most muscle out of the heart, pushes the blood through the aorta at high pressure.

Front 33

Aorta

Back 33

A large artery that carries high pressure blood from the left ventricle all around the human body.

Front 34

Vena cava

Back 34

Vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium in the heart.

Front 35

Right ventricle

Back 35

Pushes blood up through the pulmonary artery to the lungs under lower pressure than the aorta.

Front 36

Pulmonary artery

Back 36

Leads to the lungs carrying deoxygenated blood ready to be re-oxygenated.

Front 37

Arteries

Back 37

Carry blood away from the heart, they are thick walls and elastic as they can withstand and stretch under pressure.

Front 38

Veins

Back 38

Carry blood back to the heart under low pressure so they have walls made of elastic tissue and valves to stop the back flow of blood.

Front 39

Capillaries

Back 39

Carry blood cells to tissues and organs, very thin and only allow one blood cell at the time to pass through, 0.01 mm thick.

Front 40

Dialysis

Back 40

The process where person's blood is effectively scrubbed by a machine that simulates the kidney, has to be done for seven or more hours three times a week. Dialysis fluid flows against the flow of blood.

Front 41

Thermoregulatory system

Back 41

Located in the brain, monitors blood temperature and secretes hormones to control bodily functions in order to cool the blood.

Front 42

Pancreas

Back 42

Controls the levels of glucose in the blood, secretes insulin when levels are too high, secretes glucagon when blood sugar levels are too low.

Front 43

Glycogen

Back 43

An insoluble form of glucose stored in both muscles and in high concentrations within the liver.

Front 44

Glucagon

Back 44

Hormone/protein that instructs the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.

Front 45

Deforestation

Back 45

The unsustainable cutting down of trees.

Front 46

Mycoprotein

Back 46

Protein made by fusarium fungus which is naturally low in minerals. It is produced in large vats in a machine called our fermenter. The best known brand name for this type of food is Quorn.

Front 47

Fusarium

Back 47

A fungus that grows in long strands and can be harvested for protein. It feeds of waste products in fermenter such as waste crops or any glucose rich product.