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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abolitionists
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Wish to abolish slavery
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Doctrine of Free Soil
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Belief that Congress would prohibit slavery in all the new territories- keep the west a land of opportunity for Whites.
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Popular Sovereignty
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Territories could decide on the issue of slavery for themselves.
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Compromise of 1850
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(Henry) California applies for statehood- banning slavery- President Taylor supports admission of California and New Mexico as a free state- South talks of secession.
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5 Parts to the 1850s Compromise
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1. Admit Cali as a free state
2. Divide Mexican Cession into 2 territories- Utah and New Mex. Slavery would be decided by Popular Sov. 3. Texas- New Mex. boundary- give lands favorable to New Mex. in return- federal gvt would assume Texas' public debt of $10 mill. 4. Ban slave trade in Washington DC 5. Enforce the Fugitive Slave law |
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Reaction to Compromise
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Differences still remain between the North and South
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North's Benefit
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Cali is a free state and New Mex/Utah are likely to be free...
No slave trade in DC. |
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South's Benefit
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Strict fugitive slave law
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Fugitive Slave Act (1850)
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Track down runaway slaves who escaped to the North, capture them, and return them to their owners.
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Wilmot Proviso (1846)
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David Wilmot proposed to forbid slavery in any of the new territories acquired from Mexico (passed House twice- defeated in Senate)
-Acquisition of western lands renewed the sectional debate over slavery. |
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Attempts to Prevent Enforcement
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- Underground Railroad
- "Personal Liberty Laws" |
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Underground Railroad
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Harriet Tubman helped free 300+ slaves through a network of quakers. Price for her head- $40,000
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Possible causes of the Civil War?
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- Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
- Kansas Nebraska Act - "Bleeding Kansas" - John Brown's Raid |
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Harriet Beecher Stowe
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wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
Story of conflict between slave Tom and brutal owner Simon Legree splits the North and South. - Depicted slave owners as cruel and inhuman. - Book aroused Northern sympathy for slaves - South said it was a "book of untruths". |
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Abe Lincoln meets Stowe
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"So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war."
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Kansas Nebraska Act (Stephen Douglas)
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Renews sectional conflict- many felt it was buried by the Compromise of 1850.
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Nebraska Territory
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Divided Kansas and Nebraska Territories- settlers would decide on slavery by Pop. Sov.
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Reaction to the Kansas Nebraska Act
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North is upset- repeals the Missouri Compromise (36'30) favors the South
- Slavery is Northern territories- competition for jobs- concept of free labor would die. - Slavery had no natural limits once in- it would spread. - "Diabolical Slave Power" |
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Demise of the Whig Party
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- "Know-Nothing party"
- Republican Party |
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"Know-Nothing"
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Nativist hostility toward immigrants and Catholics.
- Drew support away from the Whigs |
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Republican Party
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Founded as a reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and called for repeal of the K-Neb. Act and Fugitive Slave Act
- Opposed slavery in the territories - Made up of free-soilers and anti-slave whigs and democrats. |
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New England Emigrant Aid Company
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Abolitionist group in Boston sends antislavery settlers to Kansas.
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"Border Ruffians"
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Missouri- proslavery cross over and vote illegally- gain power in government.
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"Sack of Lawrence"
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Proslavery groups burn several buildings and destroy 2 printing presses.
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"Pottawatomi Massacre"
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Abolitionist James Brown kills 5- strikes terror in Southerners
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Dred Scott v. Sanford
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Scott (slave) sues for his freedom- ends up in the Supreme Court
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Dred Scott v. Sanford - Decision -
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Chief Justice Roger Taney (Southern Democrat) writes.
1. No right to sue- blacks aren't US citizens. 2. Scott is property- Congress cannot deprive any person of property without due process of law 3. Miss. Compromise of 1820 is declared unconstitutional. |
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Effects of the Decision
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All western territory is open to slavery
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Douglas/Lincoln views on Popular Sovereignty
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Douglas supports it- Lincoln opposes slavery in territories
- Lincoln question Douglas- How can he can he reconcile Pop. Sov. with Dred Scott? |
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Douglas' Response
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Response with Free Port Doctrine - slavery could not exist if local citizens didn't pass or enforce laws. To protect slave property.
Douglas wins election- loses Southern Democrat support- Lincoln emerges as a national Republican leader. |
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Sumner-Brooks Incident
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Mass. Senator Sumner attacks the Democrats administration and South Carolina Senator Andrew Butler- Butler's nephew Preston Brooks beats Sumner over the head with a cane. "Cane is fit for a dog".
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Provisions of the Slave Act
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Denied fugitives the right to a trial by jury
- Those who helped runaway slaves would face heavy penalties |
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Lecompton Constitution
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- A proslavery state constitution for Kansas is submitted- even though most were Republican and against it.
- President Buchanan support it but is defeated in Congress. |
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John Brown's Raid
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Abolitionist who raids the federal arsenal at Harper Ferrys, VA- to arm slaves and lead a slave revolt- he's captured, tried for treason, and hung.
To North- John Brown is a martyr. To South- Saw it as an attempt to destroy slavery. |
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"Bleeding Kansas"
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- Battle between proslavery and anti-slavery groups over the Kansas Territory.
- New England Emigrant Aid Company - "Border Ruffians" - "Sack of Lawrence" - "Pottawatomi Massacre" |