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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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accuracy
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the closeness of a measurement
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chemical property
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ANY PROPERTY OF A SUBSTANCE THAT CANNOT BE STUDIED WITHOUT CONVERTING THE SUBSTANCE INTO SOME OTHER SUBSTANCE
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compound
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a substance composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically united in fixed proportions
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chemistry
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the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
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density
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the mass of a substance divided by its volume
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macroscopic property
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measured directly
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extensive property
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a property thta depends on how much matter is being considered
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Kelvin
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the SI base unit of temperature
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law
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a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a relationship between phenonmena that is always the same under the same conditions
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liter
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the volume occupied by one cubic decimeter
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heterogeneous mixture
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indiv. compon. of a mixture remain physically separated and can be seen as separate components
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homogeneous mixture
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the composition of a mixture after sufficient stirring, is the same throughout the solution
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hypothesis
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a tentative explanation for a set of observations
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intensive property
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a property that does not depend on how much matter is being considered
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SI
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International system of units system of units based on metric units
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mass
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a measure of quantity of matter
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matter
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anything that occupies space and possesses mass
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microscopic property
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properties that cannot be measured directly without the aid of a microscope or other special instrument
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mixture
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a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their identity
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physical property
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any property of a substance that can be oberved without transforming the substance into some other substance
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precision
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the closeness of agreement of two or more measurements of the same quantity
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qualitative
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thhe generaly observations
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quantitative
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compising numbers obtained by varoius measurements of the systems
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scientific method
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a systematic approach to research
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significant figures
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fthe number of meaningful digits in a meausre or calculated quantity
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substance
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a form of matter that has a definite or contstant compostiion
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theory
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a unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the laws that are based on them
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volume
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it is the length cubed
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weight
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the force of gravity exerts on an object
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acid
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a substance that yields hydrogen iions when dissolved in water
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allotrope
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the group 2a elements
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alpha particles
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(alpha rays) helium ions with a positive charge of 2+
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alpha rays
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same
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anion
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an on with a net negative charge
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atom
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the basic unit of an element that can enter into chemical combinations
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atomic number (Z)
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the number of protons
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base
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a substance that yields hydrozide ions (OH)
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beta particles
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(beta rays)
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beta rays
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electrons
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binary compound
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compounds formed from just two elements
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cation
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an ion with a positive charge
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chemical formula
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an expression showing the chemical compostion of a compund in terms of the symbols for the atoms of the elemtns involved
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diatomic molecule
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a molecule that consists of two atoms
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electron
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negative positron
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empirical formula
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an xpression shwoing the types of elements present and the ratios of the different kinds of atoms
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families
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the elements in a vertical column of the periodic table
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gamma rays
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high energy radiation
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groups
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the lements in a vertical column of the period table
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halogens
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the nonmetallic elemtns in Group 7a
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hydrate
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compounds that have a specific number of water molecules attached to them
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ion
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an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge
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ionic compound
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any neutral force that holds ions together in an ionic compound
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isotope
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atoms having the same bumber of protons but diff. neutrons
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Law of conservation of mass
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matter can be neither created or destroyed
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Law of definite proportions
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different samples of the same compound always cotain its constituent elemtns in the same proportions by mass
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Mass number
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the total number of netrons and protons present in the nucleus of an atom
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Law of multiple proportions
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if two elemtns can comvine to form more than one type of compound the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
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metal
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elemts that are good conductors of heat and electricity and have the tendency to form positive iions in ionic compounds
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metalloid
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an element with properties intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals
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molecular formula
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an expression showing the exact numbers of atoms of each elemnt in a molecule
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molecule
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an aggregate of at leat two atoms in a definite arrangements held together by special forces
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monatomic ion
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an ion that contains only one atom
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neutron
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netural partical
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Noble Gases
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nonmetallic elemtns in group8a
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nonmetal
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elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricty
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nucleus
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the cetnral core of an atom
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oxoacid
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an acid contained hydrogen oxygen and another element
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oxoanion
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an anion derived from an oxacid
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period
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a horizontal row of the periodic table
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Periodic Table
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elements
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polyatomic ion
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an ion that contains multiple atoms
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polyatomic molecule
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a molecule containing more than one atom
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proton
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single positive electric charge
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radiation
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the emission and transmssion of energy through space in the form of particles and or waves
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radioactivity
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the spontan. breakdown of an atom by emission of particles and or radiation
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structural formula
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a chem. formula that shopws how atoms are bvonded to one another in a molecule
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ternary compound
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compunds consisting of three element
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