Ap Biology ( Mendel And The Gene Idea:14.1)

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Character

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An observable heritable feature.

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Trait

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Any detectable variation in a genetic character.

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True-Breeding

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Referring to plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate.

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Hybridization

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In genetics, it is the mating, or cross-breeding, of two true-breeding varieties.

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P Generation

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The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance; "P" stands for parental.

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F(1) Generation

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The first filial, or hybrid. offspring in a series of genetic crosses.

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F(2) Generation

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Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F(1) Generation.

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Dominant Allele

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An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterzygote.

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Recessive Allel

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An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.

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Law of Segregation

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Mendel's first law, stating that each allele in a pair separates into a different gamete during gamete formation.

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Homozygous

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Having two identical alleles for a given gene.

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Heterozygous

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Having two different alleles for a given gene.

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Phenotype

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The physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic make up.

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Genotype

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The genetic make up, or sets of allelesm

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Testcross

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Monohybrids

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Dihybrids

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Law of Independent Assortment

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Mendel's second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates independently during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.