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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5' Cap
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The 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule modified by the addition of a cap of guanine nucleotide.
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Alternative RNA Splicing
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A type of regulation at the RNA-processing level in which different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and which as introns.
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Domain
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An independently folding part of a protein.
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Exon
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A coding region of a eukaryotic gene. Exons, which are expressed, are separated from each other by introns.
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Intron
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A noncoding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene.
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Poly-A Tail
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The modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides.
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Promoter
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A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
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Ribozyme
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An enzyme-like RNA molecule that catalyzes reactions during RNA splicing.
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RNA Polymerase
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An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription.
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RNA Splicing
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The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis. |
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Spliceosome
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A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA, releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons.
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TATA Box
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A promoter DNA sequence crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex.
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Terminator
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In prokaryotes, a special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. It signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule, which then departs from the gene.
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Transcription Factors
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A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and stimulates transciption of specific genes.
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Transcription Initiation Complex
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The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase bound to the promoter.
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Transcription Unit
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A region of a DNA molecule that is transcribed into an RNA molecule.
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