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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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light microscope (LM) |
an optical instrument with lenses that refract visible light to magnify images of specimens |
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electron microscope (EM) |
a microscope that uses magnets to focus an electron beam on or through a specimen, resulting in a practical resolution a hundredfold greater than that of a light microscope using standard techniques |
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cell fractionation |
the disruption of a cell and separation of its parts by centrifugation at successively higher speeds |
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plasma membrane |
the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell's chemical composition |
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organelle |
a membrane-enclosed structure with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells |
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cytoskeleton |
a network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extends through the cytoplasm and serves a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions |
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microtubule |
a hollow rod composed of tubulin proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella |
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cilium (plural, cilia) |
a short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells |
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flagellum (plural, flagella) |
a long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion |
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microfilament |
a cable composed of actin proteins in the cytoplasm of almost every eukaryotic cell, making up part of the cytoskeleton and acting alone or with myosin to cause cell contraction |
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intermediate filament |
component of the cytoskeleton that includes filaments intermediate in size between microtubules and microfilaments |
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cell wall |
a protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists |
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extracellular matrix (ECM) |
the meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by cells |
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plasmodesma (plural, plasmodesmata) |
an open channel through the cell wall that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells, allowing water, small solutes, and some larger molecules to pass between the cells |
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tight junction |
a type of intercellular junction between animal cells that prevents the leakage of material through the space between cells |
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desmosome |
a type of intercellular junction in animal cells that functions as a rivet, fastening cells together |
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gap junction |
a type of intercellular junction in animal cells, consisting of proteins surrounding a pore that allows the passage of materials between cells |
