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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Adhesion
the clinging of one substance to another (unlike), counter the downward pull of gravity
Alcohol group
organic compounds containing hydroxyl groups in which a hydrogen atom is bonded to an oxygen atom (bonded to the carbon skeleton)
Aldehyde group
part of the carbonyl group, consisting of a carbon atom joined to an oxygen atom by a double bond (group is on the end of a carbon skeleton)
Amine group
organic compounds within the amino group, which consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon skeleton
Buffer
substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution; works by accepting hydrogen ions from the solution when in excess and donating them when they have been depleted
Carbonal group
a functional group present in aldehydes and ketones and consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom
Carboxyl group
a funtional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group – has acidic properties
Cohesion
the binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds; contributed to the transport of water against gravity in plants
Evaporative Cooling
the property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation, owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state (also provides a mechanism that prevents terrestrial organisms from overheating
Functional groups
the components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions (contribute to the molecular diversity of life)
Geometric isomer
isomers (compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and different properties) have the same covalent partnerships but they differ in their spatial arrangements (arise from the inflexibility of double bonds)
Hydrophilic
any substance that has an affinity for water (can be ionic or polar) ex. cotton absorbing water
Hydrophobic
any substance that seems to repel water (non-ionic and nonpolar) ex. vegetable oil
Ketone
part of the carbonyl group, consisting of carbon atom join to an oxygen atom by a double bond, group is not on the end of a carbon skeleton
Mole
is equal in number to the molecular weight of a substance, but from daltons to grams (Avagadro’s number of molecules – 6.02 x 1023)
Organic Chemistry
the study of carbon (organic) compounds, different species of organisms and different individuals in a species are distinguished by variations in their organic molecules
pH scale
measure of hydrogen ion concentration equal to –log [H+ ] and ranging in value from 0 to 14, expresses the behaviors of acids and bases in a solution
Phosphate group
organic compounds that have a phosphate ion covalently attached by one of its oxygen atoms to the carbon skeleton (one function is the transfer of energy between organic molecules)
Solute
the substance that is dissolved, solvent is the dissolving agent of the solution
Specific heat
the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of the substance to change its temperature by 1C (1 cal/ g/ C)
Structural isomer
an isomers that differs in the covalent arrangements of their atoms, number of possible isomers increased as carbon skeletons increase in size
Sulfhydryl group
group which consists of a sulfur atom bonded to an atom of hydrogen; organic compounds
Surface tension
related to cohesion, a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid