Ap Bio Ch. 9 Vocab

Front 1

aerobic

Back 1

Containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that requires oxygen

Front 2

alcohol fermentation

Back 2

The conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol.

Front 3

anaerobic

Back 3

Lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment, or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.

Front 4

cellular respiration

Back 4

The most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway for the production of ATP, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.

Front 5

chemiosmosis

Back 5

An energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work, such as the synthesis of ATP. Most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis.

Front 6

faculatative anaerobe

Back 6

An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions.

Front 7

fermentation

Back 7

A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

Front 8

lactic acid fermentation

Back 8

The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide.

Front 9

oxidation

Back 9

The loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.

Front 10

oxidizing agen

Back 10

The electron acceptor in a redox reaction.

Front 11

redox reaction

Back 11

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction.

Front 12

reducing agent

Back 12

The electron donor in a redox reaction.

Front 13

reduction

Back 13

The addition of electrons to a substance involved in a redox reaction.