Ap Bio Ch 14 Vocab

Front 1

Trait

Back 1

Any detectable variation in a genetic character.

Front 2

Consanguinity

Back 2

Being closely and genetically related through a common ancestor.

Front 3

True Breeding

Back 3

An organism having certain biological traits which are passed on to all subsequent generations when bred with another true breeding organism for the same traits.

Front 4

Hybridization

Back 4

The act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants to produce hybrids.

Front 5

Monohybrid Cross

Back 5

A cross between two individuals to track a single trait.

Front 6

P Generation

Back 6

The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance.

Front 7

F1 Generation

Back 7

The first filial or hybrid offspring in a series of gentic crosses.

Front 8

Alleles

Back 8

Alternative versions of a gene that produce distinguishable phenotypic effects.

Front 9

Dominant Allele

Back 9

An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.

Front 10

Recessive Allele

Back 10

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote.

Front 11

Law of Segregation

Back 11

Mendel's first law, stating that each allele in a pair segregates into a different gamete during gamete formation.

Front 12

Law of Independent Assortment

Back 12

Mendel's second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregate independently during gamete formation.

Front 13

Homozygous

Back 13

Having two identical alleles for a given gene.

Front 14

Heterozygous

Back 14

Having two different alleles for a given trait.

Front 15

Genotype

Back 15

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism.

Front 16

Polygenic Inheritance

Back 16

An additive effect of two of more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.

Front 17

Dihybrid Cross

Back 17

A cross between two individuals to track two traits of interest.

Front 18

Incomplete Dominance

Back 18

When the dominant allele does not fully mask the recessive allele.

Front 19

Complete Dominance

Back 19

The type of inheritance in which both heterozygotes and dominant homozygotes have the same phenotype.

Front 20

Codominance

Back 20

When both alleles are exhibited in the phenotype of an organism.

Front 21

Multiple Alleles

Back 21

When there are more than just two alleles for a certain gene.

Front 22

Epistasis

Back 22

The interaction between two nonlinked genes in which one modifies the phenotypic expression of another.

Front 23

Testcross

Back 23

The breeding of an organism with an unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype.

Front 24

Carriers

Back 24

An induvidual who does not have a genetic disease, but can pass on the allele for the disease.

Front 25

Pleiotropy

Back 25

The ablility of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects.

Front 26

Phenotype

Back 26

The physical traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup.

Front 27

F2 Generation

Back 27

Offspring resulting from interbreeding of the hybrid F1 generation.

Front 28

Pedigree

Back 28

A diagram of a family tree showing the occurence of heritable characters in parents and offspring over multiple generations.