Cameron Croghan, Shelby Robinett
Mr. Cmaylo
AP Biology
10-19-15
Energy Transfer
Energy transfer occurs in all cellular activities. For three of the following five processes involving energy transfer, explain how each functions in the cell and give an example. Explain how ATP is involved in each example.
Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP, is the most useful form of energy in the human body. Humans use it for everything from lifting a pin to running, to breathing. Converting energy from food to ATP takes a lot of energy and requires many steps. Three steps that take place for ATP to be released are fermentation, chemiosmosis and active transport. Fermentation is the body's backup plan to create ATP when cells are oxygen deficient. This …show more content…
Just as osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, chemiosmosis is the diffusion is the diffusion of ions ( usually H+) across a selectively permeable membrane. When a cells is under anaerobic, or no free oxygen, conditions, most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis. Chemiosmosis is an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy, in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane, to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP. In general, chemiosmosis involves two important components: ATP synthase and an electron transport chain. In this process ATP is generated by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane. ATP synthase is an enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. ATP synthase allows hydrogen ions to pass through the cell membrane and uses kinetic energy to phosphoralate ADP, producing ATP. The chemiosmotic theory explains the how the electron transport chain is used in chemiosmosis. Based on this theory the transfer of electrons down an electron transport system through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions releases ATP. This energy allows certain carriers in the chain to transport hydrogen ions (H+ or protons) across a membrane. One way that chemiosmosis is used in the human body is in cellular respiration. Through cellular respiration, ATP is produced and breathing is
Mr. Cmaylo
AP Biology
10-19-15
Energy Transfer
Energy transfer occurs in all cellular activities. For three of the following five processes involving energy transfer, explain how each functions in the cell and give an example. Explain how ATP is involved in each example.
Adenosine Triphosphate, or ATP, is the most useful form of energy in the human body. Humans use it for everything from lifting a pin to running, to breathing. Converting energy from food to ATP takes a lot of energy and requires many steps. Three steps that take place for ATP to be released are fermentation, chemiosmosis and active transport. Fermentation is the body's backup plan to create ATP when cells are oxygen deficient. This …show more content…
Just as osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane, chemiosmosis is the diffusion is the diffusion of ions ( usually H+) across a selectively permeable membrane. When a cells is under anaerobic, or no free oxygen, conditions, most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis. Chemiosmosis is an energy coupling mechanism that uses energy, in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane, to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP. In general, chemiosmosis involves two important components: ATP synthase and an electron transport chain. In this process ATP is generated by the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane. ATP synthase is an enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. ATP synthase allows hydrogen ions to pass through the cell membrane and uses kinetic energy to phosphoralate ADP, producing ATP. The chemiosmotic theory explains the how the electron transport chain is used in chemiosmosis. Based on this theory the transfer of electrons down an electron transport system through a series of oxidation-reduction reactions releases ATP. This energy allows certain carriers in the chain to transport hydrogen ions (H+ or protons) across a membrane. One way that chemiosmosis is used in the human body is in cellular respiration. Through cellular respiration, ATP is produced and breathing is