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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Social Darwinism |
Four primary stages of social evolution: Hunter/Gatherer Pastoralism/Nomadism Agriculture Commerce Each stage being "superior" to the one before it. |
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How does Social Darwinism relate to Colonialism? |
Justification for the subjugation of non-Europeans, who were deemed less "fit". Native Americans and Africans were seen as lesser people. |
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"Vanished Race" Hypothesis–Colonial Narrative |
The erroneous belief that American Indians were "vanishing" due to the Indians' own destiny, to give way to whites. |
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What is the function of a Research Design in relation to an Archaeological Excavation |
A Research Design is a sequence of stages that guide the conduct of an investigation, helping to ensure the validity of results and to make efficient use of time. |
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What are the stages of a Research Design? |
1. Formulation - research, investigate, feasibility 2. Implementation - planning the work 3. Data Acquisition - reconnaissance, survey, and excavation 4. Data Processing - manipulation of materials (measurements, maps, treatment of artifacts) 5. Analysis - information about data 6. Interpretation - What does it all mean? 7. Publication - distributing the results |
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Archaeological Mapping |
Aerial LIDAR - Light Detection and Ranging Satellite Sanborn USGS |
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Non-invasive Sub-surface Investigation |
Ground Penetrating Radar - Transmitter and Receiver interpret amplitude and two-way travel time. Low frequency is for deeper depths. Magnetometry - Measuring the magnetic field of a site using a Magnometer. Grid pattern and composited after measuring. |
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Monocausal vs Multivariate Hypotheses |
Monocausal - an explanation which stresses on a dominant explanatory factor Multivariate - an explanation which has a number of independent variables. |
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Seriation |
A type of relative dating that can be used to place artifacts in chronological order. |
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Stratigraphy |
Order and relative position of strata and their relative position to the geo/archaeological time scale. |
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Law of Superposition |
Simply: Oldest strata will be at the bottom of a sequence, while the newest strata will be at the top. |
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"in situ" |
Literally means "in its original place". |
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Environmental factors that impact archaeological preservation? |
- Moisture - Soil Chemistry - Open vs Cave - Underwater - Disturbance Cold and dry sites tend to better preserve artifacts. |
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Why are resources areas (off-site) important in a Research Design? |
You might be more likely to survey and excavate an area that has a higher possibility of human presence, which can be indicated by nearby resources like water, shade, food, etc. Including this data in a Research Design saves time and money because researchers will probably spend more time in areas that are more likely to contain artifacts. |
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Types of Deposition? |
Aeolian - wind Colluvium - foot of a steep slope Lacustrine - lakes Alluvium - rivers and streams |
