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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Franklin and MacKinnon |
The study of kinship is itself symbolic of the anthropological tradition |
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Ethnographic present |
Use of the present tense to describe a culture, although the description may refer to situations that existed in the past |
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David Schneider |
First anthropologists to study American kinship systematically, cultural system and not biological facts |
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Bilateral Kinship |
Individuals trace their descent through both parents |
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Nuclear family |
Family group consisting of father, mother, and their biological or adopted children |
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Matrilineal kinship |
A system of descent in which persons are related to their kin through the mother only |
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Patrilineal kinship |
A system of descent in which persons are related to their kin through the father only |
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Ju/'hoansi |
-10-40 ppl -bilaterally -hunt and gather -brother and sister pair that own a water hole -they bring their spouses and children and make a group -people move fluidly from camp to camp -nuclear family, children spend mroe time with mothers -brideservice groom work for the parents of the bride 10 years |
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Trobriand |
-80 villages 40-800 -crops -divided into hamlets consists of matrilineage or dala -incestusous theme -spirit goes to tuma - |
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Patrilineage |
Lineage formed by tracing descent in the male line |
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Extended family |
-a family group based on blood relations of three or more generations |
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Incest taboo |
Prohibits sex among kin |
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Exogamy |
Person to marry outside ones own group |
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Endogamy |
A rule that requires a person to marry someone inside one's own group (lineage, ethnic, religious) |
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Bridewealth |
The valuables that a groom or his family are expected or obligated to present to the brides family |
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Dowery |
Goods and valuables a brides family provides to the grooms family or the couple |
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Polygamy |
A form of marriage in which a person is permitted to have more than one spouse |
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Polygyny |
Form of marriage when a man is permitted to have more than one wife |
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Polyandry |
Form of marriage in which a woman is permitted to have more than one husband |
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Partible Inheritance |
Form of inheritance in which the goods or property of a family is divided among heirs |
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Impartible inheritance |
Inheritance in which family property is passed undivided to one heir |
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Identity |
Learned personal and social types of affiliation, including gender, sexuality, race, class, nationalism and ethnicity |
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Enculturation |
Process through which individual s learn an identity. This can encompass parental socialization, the influence of peers, the mass media and government |
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Imagined community |
Benedict Anderson, even in the absence of face to face interactions, a sense of community is culturally constructed by forces such as mass media |
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Nature vs nurture |
Francis Galton, human behaviors and identities are the result of nature or nurture |
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Individualistic |
A view of the self in which the individual is primarily responsible for his or her own actions |
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Holistic |
When an individual sense of self cannot be conceived as existing separately from society or apart from his or her status or role |
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Egocentric |
View of the self that defines each person as a replica of all humanity, as the location of motivations and drives, and as capable of acting independently from others |
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Sociocentric |
Contextdependent view of self. The self exists as an entity only within the concrete situations or roles occupied by the person |
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Rites of passage |
Arnold Van Gennep, rituals that follow a change in status, such as a transition from boyhood to manhood, living to dead, student to graduate |
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Principle of reciprocity |
Marcel Mauss, gift giving involves reciprocity. The idea is that the exchange of gifts creates a feeling of obligation, in that the gift must be repaid |
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Kula ring |
Inter-island gift exchange documented by anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski in the Trobriand Islands. Exchange of shell necklaces and armbands. Kula ring serves, among other things to create alliances and social ties among individuals living on different islands |
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Potlach |
Feasting and redistribution of gifts, found among many indigenous northwest coast groups, tsmishian. Potlach means creating a new identity or of reinforcing social status within a group |
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Commodity |
Transfer of value and counter transfer |
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Indigenous |
Groups of people whose ancestors pre-date the arrival of colonialism who share a culture and or way of life that they often Identify as distinct from mainstream and can self govern |
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Structural violence |
Remote government or international agencies that result in denial to the poor of basic rights of food, shelter or livelihood |
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Social stratification |
Ordering and ranking of people |
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Balanced reciprocity |
Equal or near equal value are exchanged on the spot |
