Anthro Test 2

Front 1

What is Paleo and antos? (paleontology)

Back 1

Paleo is Old and antos is existense.

Front 2

Radiometric dating of the earth

Back 2

4.5 billion years

Front 3

The study and understanding of fossils

Back 3

Paleoantology

Front 4

To become a fossil what must be done first?

Back 4

An organism must be buried by sediment and preserved over time.

Front 5

Study of what happens to a fossil from the moment of death to the moment of discovery.

Back 5

Taphonomy

Front 6

The study of the strata or layers, of the geological, biological and archeeological record

Back 6

Stratigraphy

Front 7

In "principles of Geology" (1830), ______ synethesizes a number of stratigraphic processes/

Back 7

Lyell

Front 8

"The principle of original horizontally", _________ believes that layers are laid down by gravity horizontally to earths surface

Back 8

Nicolas Steno

Front 9

What is the principle of superposition?

Back 9

Older layers are laid down first

Front 10

In Principle of cross, _______ says that cutting relationships a feature that must exist before another feature can cut across it.

Back 10

James Hutton (1700's)

Front 11

Predictable sequences of fossils through strata is stated in what book? and by Who?

Back 11

Principle of faunal successions and by William Smith (1815)

Front 12

Fossil animals that typify a layer

Back 12

Index Fossils

Front 13

contegores paleontologists divide earth's history into

- Earth is 4.5 billion years old: this is the total scale

- Primate evolution occurs only in the Cenozoic Era, during the past 65 million years (.1% of earth's history)

Back 13

Geological Time Scale aka GTS

Front 14

What are the two eons?

Back 14

Precambrian and Phanerozoic ("revealed life")

Front 15

From the formation of earth untill 542 million years ago

Back 15

Precambrian

Front 16

From 542 million years ago untill present

Back 16

Phanerozoic

Front 17

Appearance of trilobites and other small, shelly frauna

Back 17

Boundary

Front 18

Phanerozic Eon makes ______ appear.

Back 18

Life

Front 19

First fish, insects, plants appear in what era?

-542- 248 million years ago

-Cambrian period to Permian extinction

Back 19

Paleozoic Era

Front 20

Age of Dinosaur appears in what era?

-248-65 million years ago

-From Triassic Period to Cretaceous period

Back 20

Mesozoic Era

Front 21

Whales, Apes, and homonids appear in what era?

- 65- to present

-Paleocene Epach to Holocene Epoch

Back 21

Cenozoic Era

Front 22

What era does all this happen in?

- Mammals appear in the mesozoic, but this era is dominated by dinasours

-Radical change in climate causes extinction of dinosaurs

-older mammals also die out at K-T boundary

- Absence of large predators creates opportunities for small, insect eating animals.

-Warm climate continues to cool

Back 22

Cenozoic

Front 23

During the origins of primates

- Earth is ______

- Animals exist further _______ and further _______ of the equator.

Back 23

Warmer

North and south

Front 24

Primates precursor diverges _______ mya according to the dna analysis.

Back 24

63

Front 25

first major worldwide division of rocks and time of the Paleogene Period, spanning the interval between 66 million and 56 million years ago.

Back 25

Paleocene Epoch

Front 26

formerely recent epoch that has been covering approximately the last 11,700 years of the Earth’s history.

Back 26

Holocene Epach

Front 27

_______ are like the mammals of the Paleocene Epoch.

- any member of the group of animals that includes human beings, apes, and monkeys

Back 27

Primates

Front 28

__________ is an extinct order of mammals.

Back 28

Plesiadapiformes.

Front 29

second of three major worldwide divisions of the Paleogene Period (66 million to 23 million years ago) that began 56 million years ago and ended 33.9 million years ago.

Back 29

Eocene Epach

Front 30

Ancestors of the ____________ (wet noses) are called?

- Slow arboreal quadrupeds that eat fruit and leaves during day

Back 30

strepsinhines ,Adapoids

Front 31

Ancestors of __________ (dry noses) are called?

- Larger arloits than adapoids, probably fed at night

Back 31

Haplorhine ,Omomyoids

Front 32

-Fully enclosed orbit

-shortened face

-frontal bones fused

-Enlarged brain

Back 32

Haplorhines

Front 33

- No postorbital closure

-Smaller brains

-Long face

-Unfused frontal bones

Back 33

Strepshirhines

Front 34

The authors say that Ida should be considered ancestral to both ________ (monkey, apes, humans) and ________ (lemurs, lorises, tarsiers)

Back 34

anthropoids and prosmians

Front 35

What is the Grand coupure also know as?

Back 35

The big cut the great break

Front 36

How many years ago was The Grand Coupure

Back 36

36 mya

Front 37

The Grand Coupure ended the Eocene Epoch and started the _________ Epoch (33-23 mya)

Back 37

Oligocene

Front 38

Third and last major worldwide division of thePaleogene Period (65.5 million to 23 million years ago), spanning the interval between 33.9 million to 23 million years ago.

Back 38

Oligocene Epoch

Front 39

In Oligocene Epoch, The first ________ appeared

Back 39

Monkeys

Front 40

Who are the common acestors of Monkeys?

Back 40

Eosimias

Front 41

Old world monkeys share a common ancestors with the _____ about 25 mya.

Back 41

Apes

Front 42

Old world monkeys had _______ mandables and _______ orbits because they can ________ while _________.

Back 42

fused, enclosed, chew a tougher diet, whie protecting their visions.

Front 43

New world monkeys appear on what continent?

Back 43

South America( 25-30 mya).

Front 44

Route across the oceon was not clean but the new world monkeys possibly could have __________.

Back 44

Rafted over

Front 45

The new world monkeys had ________ and some with __________ tails.

Back 45

Flat noses, and Prehensile tails

Front 46

Arboreal

Back 46

Living in trees

Front 47

New _________ challenges requires new _________ forms.

Back 47

Enviornmental, adaptive

Front 48

Monkesy are __ selected and rare in early ________ but abundant by ________.

Back 48

R, Miocene, Pliocene

Front 49

is the epoch in the geologic timescale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years BP

Back 49

Pliocene Epoch

Front 50

Early Apes appear around __ mya/

Back 50

23

Front 51

Apes Diverge from monkeys between _____ mya.

Back 51

23-16

Front 52

is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about23.03 to 5.332 million years ago

Back 52

Miocene Epoch

Front 53

Similarites between Monkeys and Apes

Back 53

-Both considered primates

-Both considered intelligent

-Both express human like emotions

-Both have opposable thumbs and binocular vision

Front 54

Nearly _____ of all the primates speices in the world are threatened by with extinction.

Back 54

Half

Front 55

_________ diverge from gorillas, chimps, human clade.

Back 55

Orangs (about 14 mya).

Front 56

________ diverge from chimps, human claude

Back 56

Gorillas (about 8.1mya).

Front 57

________ diverge from chimps.

Back 57

Human (about 6 mya).

Front 58

The genus evolved towards the end of these periods.

Back 58

Plistogene and neogene Periods

Front 59

The first hominoids, anthropoids end early prosimians at the begening of this period.

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Paleogene Period

Front 60

The first placental mammals appeared this period.

Back 60

Cretaceous Period

Front 61

The first flowering plants and the first mammals and bird appeared during these period

Back 61

Jurassic Period and Triassic Period and Permian period

Front 62

The first coniferous trees and reptiles and insects appeared during this period.

Back 62

Carbonifeorous period

Front 63

The first amphibians and land plants and first bony fish appeared during this period.

Back 63

Devonian Period

Front 64

The first fish with jaws appeared during this period.

Back 64

Silurian Period

Front 65

The first virtabrates and armored fish without jaws appeared duing this period.

Back 65

Ordovician Period

Front 66

Invertabrate fossils, molluscs, crustaceans, echinodermate appeared during this period.

Back 66

Cambrian Period

Front 67

First fossiliesed animals and plants; protozoa, spounges, corals, and algie, and fossiled bacteria appeared during this age

Back 67

Pre cambrian periods

Front 68

The four eras are... and what order they come in?

Back 68

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, and Proteralzoic

Front 69

Expansion by single group of organisms into a diveresed aray of forms is called

Back 69

adaptive radiation

Front 70

What era is the majority of earth's history in?

Back 70

Proteralzoic Era

Front 71

Th epochs during the cenozoic era are

Back 71

Plistogene, neogene, and paleogene

Front 72

The epochs during the mesozoic era are

Back 72

cretaceous, jurassic, triassic epochs

Front 73

The epochs during the paleozoic era are

Back 73

permian, carbonifoures, devonian, salorian, ordovicion,cambrian

Front 74

The epochs during the proterozoic era are

Back 74

pre cambrian epoch

Front 75

Beds of sediment deposited in water form as horizontal (or nearly horizontal) layers due to gravitational settling.

Back 75

Law of Original Horizontality

Front 76

In undisturbed strata, the oldest layer lies at the bottom and the youngest layer lies at the top.

Back 76

Law of Superposition

Front 77

Horizontal strata extend laterally until they thin to zero thickness (pinch out) at the edge of their basin of deposition.

Back 77

Law of Lateral Continuity

Front 78

An event that cuts across existing rock is younger than that disturbed rock. This law was developed by Charles Lyell (1797-1875).

Back 78

Law of Cross-Cutting Relationships

Front 79

Fragments of rock that are contained (or included) within a host rock are older than the host rock.

Back 79

Principle of Inclusion

Front 80

The study of our closest living relatives, the primates ,for the purpose of understanding aspects of our own behavior

Back 80

comparative primatology

Front 81

primate suborder that includes the lemurs, lorises, and galgos (the posimians)

Back 81

Strpsirrhini

Front 82

primate suborder that includes the tarsiers ,monkeys,apes, and humans

Back 82

haplorrhini

Front 83

primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in the Americas

Back 83

ceboidea

Front 84

primate superfamily that includes all monkeys found in Africa and Asia

Back 84

cercopithecoidea

Front 85

all monkeys, apes, and humans

Back 85

anthropoids

Front 86

member of the super family hominoidea

Back 86

hominoid

Front 87

the division called a tribe, in the super family Hominoidea that includes humans and our recent ancestors

Back 87

hominin

Front 88

methods of dating that provide us with assessments of a fossils age relative to other fossils

Back 88

relative dating techniques

Front 89

methods of dating that provide a specific age of a fossil based either on analysis of a piece of the fossil itself or analysis of the rocks surrounding the fossil

Back 89

chronometric dating techniques

Front 90

ability to generate and regulate internal body tempreture

Back 90

homiothermy

Front 91

having different types of teeth

Back 91

heterodontism

Front 92

retention of the fetus inside the body of the female through the course of its prenatal development

Back 92

internal gestation

Front 93

ratio of brain to body size

Back 93

encephalization quotient

Front 94

a group of early mammals though to be periphally related to primates

Back 94

pleseadapiformes

Front 95

superorder of mammals made up of extinct pleseadaptiformes and the living orders Primates, Scandentia (the tree shrews), Chiroptera(the bats), and dermoptera(colugos)

Back 95

archonta

Front 96

The order of geologic epochs

Back 96

Pleistocene(1.8 mya-10000 years ago),Pilocene(5-1.8 mya),Miocene(23-5 mya),Oligocene(35-23 mya), Eocene(53-35 mya), Paleocene(65-53 mya)

Front 97

difference between the sexes of a species in body size or shape

Back 97

sexual dimorphism

Front 98

the ball and socket shoulder joint and the positioning of the scapula on the back allowing for 360 rotation of the arms

Back 98

brachiator anatomy

Front 99

Fossil find considered an important link in human evolution until it was shown to be a fake in 1953

Back 99

Piltdown Man

Front 100

use of two legs rather than four for locomotion

Back 100

bipedality

Front 101

methods of dating that provide us with assessments of a fossils age relative to other fossils

Back 101

relative dating techniques