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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Physiology |
The study of how animals work, the unifying themes in this area of study apply to all the processes |
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Structure & function |
What is important in physiology are the ___ & ___ of various parts and how they work together |
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Hippocrates |
He is considered the father of medicine and used careful observation to study the world around him |
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Aristotle |
He is considered the father of natural history, he thought a lot about the relationships between structure and function |
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Claudius Galenus ("Galen") |
He is the first experimental physiologist |
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Ibn al-Nafis |
He first described the anatomy of the heart and lungs |
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Jean-Francois Fernal |
He outlined the current knowledge of human health and disease |
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Andreas Vesalius |
He created the first modern anatomy textbook |
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William Harvey |
He described the circulation of blood through the body by contractions of the heart |
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Herman Boerhaave & Albrecht von Haller |
They first described that bodily functions are a combination of both chemical and physical processes, this was ground breaking because before people thought that it was one or the other |
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Iatrochemists |
They said that bodily functions only involved chemical reactions |
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Iatrophysicists |
They said that bodily functions only involved physical processes |
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Matthias Schleiden & Theodor Schwann |
These two came up with cell theory |
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Claude Bernard |
He coined the term "Milieu interieur" |
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Milieu interieur |
This is used to describe an internal environment that is distinct from an external environment |
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Walter Cannon |
He coined the term "homeostasis" |
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Homeostasis |
This maintenance of internal constancy. An example would be the regular oscillations in body temperature.
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Per Scholander |
He started to do comparative physiology |
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C. Ladd Prosser |
He discovered central pattern generators |
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Central Pattern Generators |
These are biological neural networks that produce rhythmic patterned outputs without sensory feedback
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Knut Schmidt-Nielsen |
He studied animals in harsh environments |
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More than one level |
Physiology can be studied on... |
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Reductionism |
Understanding a system by studying the function of its parts |
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Emergence |
Aiming to understand a system by saying that the whole is more than the sum of its parts |
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Physical & chemical laws |
Physiological processes obey both... (A unifying theme of physiology) |
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Regulated |
Physiological processes are usually ___ (A unifying theme of physiology) |
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Phenotype |
This is a product of both genotype and environment; it includes morphology, physiology, & behavior
(A unifying theme of physiology) |
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Genotype |
Genetic makeup, it is also the product of evolution |
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Physical properties |
The ___ ___ of cells are directly linked to structure and function |
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Molecular interactions |
These are governed by chemical laws, like thermodynamics and kinetics |
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Electrical laws |
These describe membrane function, especially excitable cells - examples of these would be nerve and muscle cells |
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Body size |
This influences physiological patterns and can be described by allometric scaling |
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Conformers |
One strategy for coping with changing conditions, organisms in this category allow their internal conditions to change with external conditions |
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Regulators |
One strategy for coping with changing conditions, organisms in this category maintain constant internal conditions regardless of external conditions
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Negative feedback loops |
[insert a simple definition] |
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Positive feedback loops |
[another definition boiz] |
