Animal Physiology ~ Vick ~ Ch.2: Biochem & Cell Phys

Front 1

Gradient

Back 1

A difference between two points, they are a form of energy storage in the form of potential energy; they can be chemical, electrical or both

Front 2

Diffusion

Back 2

Molecules disperse randomly in the available space; this govern many biological processes, it leads to random distribution of molecules & it is a source of energy

Front 3

Delay

Back 3

Organisms invest energy to ___ diffusion

Front 4

Direction

Back 4

This depends on the concentration gradient

Front 5

Rate

Back 5

This depends on many factors like: size of concentration gradient, size of molecule and hydration shell, diffusion coefficient, & diffusion area

Front 6

Fick Equation

Back 6

This equation takes into account all the factors that affect rate of diffusion and allows us to calculate it

Front 7

Semi-permeable membrane

Back 7

This allows some molecules to cross while blocking or restricting others

Front 8

Osmosis

Back 8

The diffusion of water

Front 9

Osmotic pressure

Back 9

This is the force associated with the diffusion of water

Front 10

Osmolarity

Back 10

This is the ability of solution to induce water to diffuse across a membrane, it is determined by the concentration of dissolved particles

Front 11

Hyperosmotic

Back 11

A solution with higher osmolarity than another

Front 12

Hyposmotic

Back 12

A solution with lower osmolarity than another

Front 13

Isosmotic

Back 13

When two solutions have they same osmolaity as each other

Front 14

Tonicity

Back 14

This is the effect of a solution on cell volume

Front 15

Hypertonic solutions

Back 15

These cause cells to shrink, as water leaves the cell via diffusion

Front 16

Hypotonic solutions

Back 16

These cause cells to swell, as water enters the cell via diffusion

Front 17

Isotonic solutions

Back 17

In these there is no net osmosis, and cells go unchanged

Front 18

Molar

Back 18

Brackets [ ] denote this type of concentration

Front 19

7

Back 19

Pure water has this pH to it, this is neutral

Front 20

Neutrality

Back 20

This is affected by temperature, the amount of ions dissociating increases with temperature, pH at this varies inversely with temperature

Front 21

Acids

Back 21

They release protons, lowering pH

Front 22

Bases

Back 22

They accept protons, raising pH

Front 23

pK

Back 23

Reflects the strength of acids or bases

Front 24

Buffer

Back 24

A solution that dampens the effect of added acid or base on the pH, most are weak acids, they only work on a narrow range of pH values