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34 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Cyrus the Great
Persian emperor
Father of Cambyses
Treated conquered people fairly and gained their respect
Added much land to the Persian Empire
Darius I
Persian emperor
Father of Xerxes I
Built roads to connect parts of the Persian Empire
Expanded the empire to the east and northwest
Xerxes I
Persian emperor
Son of Darius I
Defeated the Spartans and Athenians at Thermopylae
Burned the city of Athens
Why did Persia attack Greece?
The Greeks helped the city in Asia Minor with their revolt.
What battle started the Persian Wars?
The Battle of Marathon.
What were the major battles in the Persian Wars and who won?
Marathon--Greeks
Thermopylae--Persians
Salamis--Greeks
Plataea--Greeks
Who won the Persian Wars?
The Greeks
What is the Greek civil war called?
The Peloponnesian War
Who fought in the Peloponnesian war and what are their respective leagues?
Athenians--Delian League
Spartans--Peloponnesian League
What started the Peloponnesian War?
The Spartans attacked the Athenians because many people feared the Athenians' growth of power. (The Athenians turned the Delian League into an Athenian empire by forcing cities to join and contribute money. The Athenians used the money for their own city.)
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
The Spartans
Which Greek city-state focused on physical training?
Sparta
Which Greek city-state focused on intellectual pursuits and the arts?
Athens
Which Greek city-state allowed women to have more rights than other city-states and why?
Sparta, because the men were often away training or battling and not home to run the household, so the women had to do it.
Who are two Macedonian leaders and what is their relationship?
Philip II, father of Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great, son of Philip II
What happened when Alexander the Great's troops crossed the Indus River?
Alexander wanted to push farther east and conquer more land in India, but the troops were exhausted and refused to go any farther
How did Alexander the Great help to spread Greek culture?
Alexander built many cities in his enormous empire, and he based the architecture and other aspects of the cities after those in Greece, which he admired very much.
What qualities characterize Greek statues?
They are very accurate to real human bodies because sculptors studied the human body for this exact purpose.
What is the Parthenon?
The Parthenon is the temple to the Greek goddess Athena, who is the patron goddess of Athens, where the Parthenon is located.
Why was so much attention paid to Greek architecture?
Much attention was paid to Greek architecture because the designers took great care to make their buildings as magnificent as their cities.
What did Greek philosophers believe is important?
Greek philosophers believed that using reason in our lives is a very important thing.
Who was Socrates?
Socrates was a Greek philosopher whose teaching style consisted of asking questions. This style is still used today, we call it the Socratic Method. Socrates wanted people to question their own beliefs and was condemned to death for challenging authority.
Who was Plato?
Plato was a Greek philosopher and a student of Socrates who started a school in Athens. This school was called the Academy. He also wrote a book titled The Republic, which describes an ideal society run by philosophers.
Who was Aristotle?
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and a student of Plato who believed that we should use moderation and reason in our lives.
Who was Euclid?
Euclid was a Greek mathematician who is best known for his contributions to the field of geometry.
Who was Hippocrates?
Hippocrates was a Greek doctor who tried to figure out what causes disease and is best known for his ideas on how doctors should conduct themselves, which are stated in the Hippocratic Oath.
Who was Thucydides?
Thucydides was a Greek historian and former Athenian soldier who wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War based on his experiences.
Why are Greek achievements so important to western civilization?
Greek achievements are so important to western civilization because they helped to shape Greek culture, which in turn helped to shape western culture.
Vocab-- cavalry
A unit of soldiers who ride horses
Vocab-- Zoroastrianism
A religion teaching that good and evil are fighting for control of the universe
Vocab-- alliance
An agreement to work together
Vocab-- phalanx
A group of soldiers who stood close together in a square
Vocab-- Hellenistic
Greek-like
Vocab-- reason
Clear and ordered thinking