Ancient Greece Quiz 1

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Ahhiyawa

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debated as being the mainland of Greece.

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Arthuor Evans

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British discoverer of Knossos

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Bronze Age

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The period of Greek history extending from the appearance of Bronze technology in the Aegean basin 3000BCE to the fall of the Mycenaean kingdoms 1100BCE.

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City State or Polis

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is a city or town. Beginning in the either century, polis came to designate a political community composed of a principal city or town and it’s surrounding countryside, which together formed a self-governing entity, the city-state. The small polis was the principal form of Greek community throughout antiquity, numbering in the high hungered by the fifth century BCE. Except in Sparta, poleis generally had some sort of republican government, whether oligarchic or democratic. Since the polis system implied some degree of political self-awareness, it was an open question whether a city ruled by a tyrant could be a polis.

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Domestication

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domestication of plants around 8000BCE probably n the southeast Anatolia, and in China around 6800BCE (rice and millet) and MesoAmerica (maize and squash) around 4000BCE.

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Franchthi Cave

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The cave was occupied from the Palaeolithic circa 20,000 BCE (and possibly earlier) through the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods, being abandoned about 3000 BCE (Middle Neolithic). It is one of the very few settlements in the world that shows continuous human occupation for more than 20,000 years.

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Heinrich Schliemann

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(January 6, 1822 – December 26, 1890) was a German businessman and archaeologist, and an advocate of the historical reality of places mentioned in the works of Homer. Schliemann was an important archaeological excavator of Troy, along with the Mycenaean sites Mycenae and Tiryns. His successes lent material weight to the idea that Homer's Iliad and Virgil's Aeneid reflect actual historical events.

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Hitties

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Group that settles in central Anatolia around 2000 B.C.E., establishes powerful kingdoms, conquers the Babylonian empire in 1595 B.C.E., and dissolves about 1200 B.C.E. Technological feats include iron metallurgy and light horse-drawn chariots.

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Indo European Languages

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A family of languages spoken from India in the East to Europe in the west and including, in addition to Greek, such languages as Sanskrit, Latin, and Iranian, Slavic, Celtic, and Germanic languages. Despite it’s European location, Greek belongs to the eastern branch of the Indo-European language family, it’s closest relative being Armenia.

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Knossos

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1st known Aegan civilizations called the Minoans. Got name from King Minos.

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Lerna

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a region of springs and a former lake near the east coast of the Peloponnesus, south of Argos. Its site near the village Mili at the Argolic Gulf is most famous as the lair of the Lernaean Hydra, the chthonic many-headed water snake, a creature of great antiquity when Heracles killed it, as the second of his labors. The strong Karstic springs remained; the lake, diminished to a silt lagoon by the 19th century, has vanished. Lerna is notable for several archaeological sites, including an Early Bronze Age structure known as House of the Tiles, dating to the Early Helladic period II (2500–2300 BC).

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Linear A

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Minoan written script.

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Linear B

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Mycenaean written script, adapted from the Minoan Linear A.

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Mediterranean Climate

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Climate characterized by hot dry summers and cool wet winters. Because of the moderating effect of bodies of water such as the Mediterranean sea, the difference between summer high temperature and winter low temperature tends to be moderate. Such a climate is typical of central and southern Greece.

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Mediterranean Triad

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Grains (primarily wheat and barley), grapes and olives, the three crops that formed the basis of Greek agriculture.

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Micheal Ventris

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(12 July 1922 – 6 September 1956) was an English architect and classical scholar who, along with John Chadwick, was responsible for the decipherment of Linear B.

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Minoan Civilization

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was a Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC. It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of the British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans. Will Durant referred to it as "the first link in the European chain. The early inhabitants of Crete settled as early as 7000 BC, during the Neolithic age. However it was not until 5000 BC that the first signs of advance agriculture appeared, this marks the beginning of the civilization.

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Mycenae

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is an archaeological site in Greece, located about 90 km south-west of Athens, in the north-eastern Peloponnese. In the second millennium BC Mycenae was one of the major centres of Greek civilization, a military stronghold which dominated much of southern Greece. The period of Greek history from about 1600 BC to about 1100 BC is called Mycenaean in reference to Mycenae.

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Shaft Graves

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Deep rectangular burial pits used to bury the rules of Mycenae from the late seventeenth century BCE to the end of the sixteenth century BCE.

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Tholos

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A type of monumental aboveground stone tomb (shaped like a beehive) favored by the elites of the late bronze age. In the classical period, circular structures also called tholoi, served as temples and public buildings.

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Basileus

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the term for the legitimate single ruler, the “king” in Mycenaean society, the title pasireu demoted an official who had charge of a village or district the with breakup with the Mycenaean kingdoms it became (in the form basileus) the title of the warrior chiefs who ruled the villages and districts in the Dark Age. The hierarch of basileus was replaced in the archaic age by landed aristocrats who ruled as an oligarchy.

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Cleruchy

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A form of Greek colony in which colonists retained the citizenship of the founding city. In the fifteen century BC Athens established cleruchies in the territory of rebellious or unreliable allies as self-supporting garrisons.

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Delian League

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The modern name for the confederacy organized under Athenian leadership after the end of the Persian wars. Founded in 477BCE the league was slowly converted into an Athenian empire as Athens began forcing unwilling states to remain in organization, or to join it if they were not already members.

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Phalanx

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the tactial formation of a hoplite army consisting in the archaic and classical periods of ranks of heavy infantry usualy eight men deep. The phalanx underwent change and experiment in the fifth and douth centuries. The highly sucessful form of phalanx introfuced by phillip II of Macedon consisted of six bridages of fifteen hundred men each, recruited on a regional basis. Macedonian phalangites” were armed with a short sword, a small round shield, and a long pike (Sarissa) up to 18 feet long; they fought in rectangular formations sicteen men deep.

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Thera

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is an antique city on a ridge of the steep, 360 m high Messavouno mountain on the Greek island of Santorini. It was named after the mythical ruler of the island, Theras, and was inhabited from the 9th century BC until 726 AD.