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168 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Confucius' real name,

King Fuzi

King Fuzi's family was _____ but _____

noble, poor

King Fuzi aspired to work in

government

Confucius instead became a

teacher

recordings of confucius' teachings called

Analects

Two things Confucius developed

philosophy ofsocial order


and good government

List the five relationships (Confucius' ideas)

1. Father to son


2. Elder brother to Younger brother


3. Husband to Wife


4. Ruler to Subject


5. Friend to Friend

Confucius believed in ____ piety

Filial piety

Filial piety means

respect for parents

Role of the ruler (Confucius)

good government, virtuous & well educated

role of subjects (Confucius)

respectful and loyal

When did Confucius' teachings truly impact people

After his death

His teachings impacted

Chinese life (family unit to rulers)

Which three areas accepted Confucian beliefs?

Korea, Japan, & Vietnam (1/3 of the population)

who created legalism

Hanfezi

What is legalism

order achieved through strict laws & harsh punishment (confucian ideas are virtue & kindness)

who adopted legalism

many rulers in feudal China

Who founded Daoism

Laozi

What did Laozi write

The Way of Virtue

What is Daoism

living in harmony w nature opposed to maintaining order

What does Dao mean

the way of the universe

Daoism and ___ blended together

Confucianism

When does Buddhism reach China

100 A.D.

Struggle caused by Buddhism

family vs solitary meditation

Buddhism embraces Conf/dao when in China

400 A.D.

what buildings/places became important for learning arts

monasteries

Who rose to unify China

Qin

where did Qin come from

Western China

Who crushed Qin's rivals

Zheng

Zheng declared himself

Shi Huangdi (First Emperor)

What age did they enter w Huangdi

Classical Age

Classical age set patterns for these four:

government, philosophy, religion, and arts

What was Shi Huangdi determined to do?

End divisions that had splintered Zhou China

How many years spent conquering warring states

20 years

How did he centralize power

Legalist advisers helped

What did the rewards for merit idea build?

authoritarian government

What makes an authoritarian government

avoring or enforcing strict obedience to authority, especially that of the government, at the expense of personal freedom.

where is the monument praising accomplishments of Huangdi?

Top of mountain path

What did Sima Qian later serve emperors as

Great Historian in court

Why did Huangdi abolish feudalism in China

local rulers not loyal

How many military districts did he replace

36

Where did Huangdi force nobles to go

Capital (Xian yarg(?))

Lands given to

peasants

What did peasants pay high taxes for

armies and buildings

What three things did Huangdi standardize

weights & measures, replace Zhou state coin with Qin coin

What was repaired and strengthened

roads and canals

Huangdi spared what books of those who opposed him?

Medicine & agriculture

Huangdi's most remarkable achievement

Great Wall

How high is great wall

25 feet

When did Huangdi die

210 B.C.

Who was an illiterate peasant who founded Han dynasty

Liu Bang

Most famous Emperor

Wudi

Two things Wudi strengthened

government & economy

Where did Wudi set up his imperial university

Xian

What did Wudi set up across the empire

granaries in case food became scarce

government income based on

iron & salt (other than peasant tax)

Five spots outposts were added

Manchuria, Korea, northern Vietnam, Tibet, Central Asia

Trade route Wudi opened is called

Silk Road (linked China and West)

Silk Road linked to what crescent

fertile crescent

What did Han emperors make official belief

confucianism

government type became

bureacratic

What three confucian classes studied to take exam for officials

histories, poems, customs

Two names of bandit groups who fled to mountains

"Red eyebrows", "Green woodsmen"

When did warlords overthrow

220 A.D.

China broke up into how many kingdoms

7

How long did unity last

400 years

Three achievements of science from Han Golden Age

timekeeping, Wang Chong (no scientific theories accepted unless proven), texts written on chemistry, zoology, botany...etc...

Medicine achievements

diagnosed, experimented (explored acupuncture)

Name some inventions of technology

bronze & iron stirrups, fishing reels, wheelbarrows, suspension bridges, chain ppumps

Equal education happened in the year

100 A.D.



Who lived on the Island of Crete

Minoans

Minoans named after

King Minos of Crete

Crete is surrounded by

sea (mediterranean/aegean)

How did Minoans gain power

trade

Where did Minoans trade

Middle East, Egypt

Where was the home of minoan rulers

Palace at knossos

what did the palace include that was special

religious shrines

walls covered with

frescos (water-colour paintings, religious/daily life)

When did Minoans vanish, why

1400 B.C. Unknown (Volcano? Earthquake? Invasion (Mycenaeans?)

Mycenaeans dominated what region

Aegean region

Which 4 places did they trade?

Sicily, Italy, Egypt, Mesopotamia

Where was Troy

Modern day Turkey

What caused Troy vs Mycenaeans

economic rivalry (Troy controlled straits linking Mediterranean to Black Sea)

Myth: Who kidnapped who

Paris of Troy kidnapped Helen

How long did battle last

10 years Troy burned

Mycenae fell to

raiders

Homer's epic poems

Iliad, Odyessey

Iliad contains

trojan war

Odyssey

Odysseus travels to wife Penelope

Greece is part of what peninsula

Balkin peninsula (valleys from mountains)

Greeks did not have mass empire but had

had independent city-states

What goods and knowledge were traded

olive oil, alphabet - basis of western alphabet

What happened in Greece by 750 BC

rapid population growth, spain to egypt

What advanced city-states by 750 BC

A Polis

Where was the Citadel in a Polis

on raised ground (acropolis)

Where was the market place, theatre, public buildings, and homes

agora

Ogliarchy meaning

a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

Aristocracy meaning

a form of government in which power is held by the nobility.

what did bronze weapons get replaced with by 650 BC

Iron weapons

a body of Macedonian infantry with long spears, drawn up in close order with shields overlapping.

Phalanx

Where did Spartans live

Peloponnese

Name for conquered people/owned slaves

Helots (worked the land)

Government of Sparta run by

2 kings (military, and life), elders

How many native Spartan men approved major decisions?

30+

Name for five powerful officials who controlled daily affairs

Ephors

What age Spartan boys taken

7

Athens located

north of peloponessese

monarchy to

arustocracy

what government came up with discontent in athens

democracy

Who was appointed chief official of Athens

Solon

What is an Archon

Chief official

What five things did Solon do

no debt slavery, high offices to more citizens, citizenship to some foreigners, athenian assembly has more say, greater export of wine/oil

Who seized power, giving loans and land to farmers?

Pisistratus

Who made the asssembly a law making body

Cleisthenes

How old did assembly have to be

30, male

What four activities outside of home did women do

herding sheep, spinning, weaving, potting

Boys learned what 7 subjects

public speaking, poetry, military, athletics, reading, writing, music

Four common things with greeks

language, heroes, festivals, gods

Where did gods live

Mount Olympus (N. Greece)

Under who was Persia Empire most powerful force

Darius 1st

499 BC what greeks rebelled against persian control

Ionian Greeks

Darius sent forces across Aegean to punish Athens, where did they land

Marathon (490 BC)

Athenians ____ the Persians

rushed

Who advised Athenians to build warships

Themistocles

Warrior King of Sparta that antagonized Persians in a battle

Leonidas

Where did King Leonidas hold Persians

Thermopylae

Where did Athenian fleet destroy Persian ships

Strait of Salamis (Think of Salami) by underwater battering rams

Where were Xerxes' forces defeated

Asia Minor

Athens allied Greek city-states under

Delian League

Golden Age of Athens under statesmen

Pericles

Athens was a what Democracy

Direct, male citizens would have say in workings of government (6000+ people)

Citizens voted with

piece of pottery

Four main that philosophers explored

maths, music, logic, ethics/morality

Socrates' job besides teaching

stonemason

Invented method of challenging views was called

Socratic Method

Accused Socrates of

Corrupting youth

Poison for Socrates was

Hemlock

Plato's school called

the Academy

Plato's book called

The Republic (Three classes, workers - soldiers - philosophers)

Five subjects Aristotle studied and contributed to

Ethics, physics, logic, government, biology

Aristotle thought the best government was

one virtuous, strong leader

architecture in greece conveyed two things

balance and order

sculptures were

idealistic figures in natural poses

paintings preserved on

pottery/vases

Who is the gather of history

Herodotus

What did Herodotus write

The Persian Wars

Who wrote about the Peloponnesian war

Thucydides

Two cities Phillip II defeated

Athens and Thebes Battle of Cheronea

What age did Alexander become king

20

Took ships across

Dardanelles and into Asia Minor

Five major victories against Persians

Granicus, Issus, Tyre, Baugamela, Hydaspes

Divided into three at first by generals

Macedonia/Greece, Persia, Egypt

Lasting achievement

Greek culture spread

Alexandria in Egypt had population of

near 1 million

Who wrote The Elements

Euclid

World on an axis, orbited the sun (Heliocentric)

Aristrachus

How long til Aristrachus' work was recognized

2000 years

Sacrifices of bulls at alter of Zeus had ashes (m high?)

7 metres

Sacred area in Olympia called

Altis

Quest for perfection called

Arete

Winner of 4 games

Periodonikes

Delphi games

Pythian games

Who began Nemean games (supposedly)

Heracles

Special messengers called

Spondorophoroi

Messengers sent from

Elis

Name of games (all)

Panhellentic

Most important games called

Periodos

Who dies at hands of Hektor

Perokles