Veterinary Anatomy - Complete Musculature

Front 1

Cuteneus colli

Back 1

Origin: Manubrium Sterni -> osteum prepucii

Front 2

Preputialis cranialis

Back 2

Cartilago xyphoidea - Osteum Prepucii

Front 3

Prepucialis caudalis

Back 3

Tunica flava abdominis->osteum prepucii

Front 4

Trapezius

Back 4

Lig Nuchae/Supraspinalis-> spina scapulae

Function: Attaches limb 2 trunc

Elevates and moves limb cranially, Elevates neck

Front 5

Omotransversarius

Back 5

Alae Atlantis -> Acromion

Moves the limb cranially

Front 6

Latissimus dorsi

Back 6

Lig Supraspinale->tuberositas teres minor

Flexes the shoulder, moves limb caudally

Front 7

Rhomboidea

Back 7

Lig nuchae ->cartilago scapula

Fixes the scapula, elevates the limb cranially, elevates the neck

Front 8

Cleidocephalicus

Back 8

Crista humeri->proccessus mastoideus

Moves the head and neck ventrocaudally, limb cranially

Front 9

Serratus Ventralis

Back 9

Proccesus teansversus->facies serrata

Attaches limb to trunk, elevates neck, inspirator

Front 10

Pectoralis superficiale

Back 10

Manubrium sterni->crista humeri

Adductor

Front 11

Pectoralis profunda

Back 11

Cartilago costae->tuberculum majus

Attaches limb

Front 12

Splenius

Back 12

Lig nuchae>processus T

Straightens and elevates the neck

Front 13

Iliocostalis lumborum

Back 13

Proccesus transversum ->last rib

Front 14

Iliocostalis thoracis

Back 14

Proccesus transversus>Margo cranialis et caudalis costae

Fixes the spine, Flexes the spine laterally. Expirator.

Front 15

Iliocostalis cervices

Back 15

Processus transversus >atlas

Front 16

Longissimus lumborum et thoracis

Back 16

Proccesus spinosus, Tuber sacrale->proccesus mamillaris/articularis

Front 17

Longissimus cervices

Back 17

Proccesus transversus>proc transv

Front 18

Longissimus capitis et atlantis

Back 18

Processus teansversus -> alae Atlantis/proc mastoideus

Front 19

Spinalis

Back 19

Proc spinalis > proc spinalis

Elevates, flexes, straightens the neck

Front 20

Semispinalis

Back 20

Proc trans -> Squama occipitalis

Straightens and flexes the head and neck

Front 21

Mm multifidi

Back 21

Vertebral proccesae>procc spinalis

Straightens and elevates the neck. Flexes laterally

Front 22

Mm rotatores

Back 22

Proc transv to proc spinalis

Fix n flex spine

Front 23

Intertransversii

Back 23

Between proc transversus

Fix n flex the spine

Front 24

Interspinales

Back 24

Proc spinalis to proc spinalis

Flex n fix

Front 25

Sternocephalicus

Back 25

Manubrium sterni > various

Bows the head and neck, opens the mouth

Front 26

Omohyoid

Back 26

Axial fascia>basihyoid

Front 27

Longus colli

Back 27

Vertebral body->Crista ventralis

Bows the head

Front 28

Longus capitis

Back 28

Processus Transversus 3-6thC

>

Tuberculum musculare

Bows the head, flexes the head and neck

Front 29

Scalenus ventralis

Back 29

Proc trans 3-6thC > Medial 1st rib

Bows and flexes the neck

Front 30

Scalenus medius

Back 30

ProcTrans6-7 > Margo cranialis 1st rib

Front 31

Scalenus dorsalis

Back 31

Proc trans 2-5C > 3-7th rib

Bows and flexes the neck, inspirator

Front 32

Quadratus lumborum

Back 32

Lumbar processus costalis > ala sacralis

Flexes the spine and dorsally flexes the lumbar

Front 33

mm levator costarum

Back 33

Proc trans tho > margo cranialis of following rib

Inspirator

Front 34

mm intercostales externi

Back 34

margo caudalis costae > margo cranialis costae

inspirator

Front 35

mm intercostalis interni

Back 35

Margo cranialis costae > Margo caudalis

expirator

Front 36

Serratus dorsalis cranialis

Back 36

Lig Supraspinale > Costae

inspirator

Front 37

Serratus dorsalis caudalis

Back 37

Lig supraspinale> margo caudalis costae

Expirator

Front 38

Rectus thoracis

Back 38

Distal 1st rib ->Cartilago costae 2-4th

Front 39

Transversus thoracis

Back 39

Lig sterni > Costae verae

Expirator

Front 40

Retractor costae

Back 40

Last rib>Processus T lumb

Expirator

Front 41

Diaphragm Crus dextrum

Back 41

1-4 Lumbar vertebral bodies > Centrum tendineum

Front 42

Diaphragm crus sinistrum

Back 42

1-2 lumbar vertebral bodies > Centrum tendineum

Front 43

Diaphragm pars costalis dex et sin

Back 43

Costal wall > Centrum tendineum

Front 44

Diaphragm pars sternalis

Back 44

Xiphoid cartilage > Centrum tendineum

Front 45

Rectus abdominis

Back 45

Sternum -> tendo prepubicum

Front 46

Obliquus externa abdominis

Back 46

distal part of 4th rib and onwards > tendo prepubicus

Connects thorax and pelvis, supports viscera. Expiratory

Front 47

Obliquus interna abdominis

Back 47

Tuber coxae, lumbar PT, Fascia Thoracolumbalis, lig inguinale

>

Medial surface of final 4-5 ribs cartilage

Front 48

Transversus abdominis

Back 48

Lumbar PT, medial arcus costae

>linea alba

Front 49

Supraspinatus

Back 49

Fossa supraspinatus>Tuberculum majus

Extends and fixes the shoulder joint

Front 50

Infraspinatus

Back 50

Fossa infraspinatus> Tuberculum majus

Flexion and extension of the shoulder. External rotator

Front 51

Subscapularis

Back 51

fossa subscapularis>Tuberculum minus

Flexion and extension of the shoulder

Front 52

Deltoideus

Back 52

Spina scapulae,acromial tendon> tuberculum deltoidea

flexes the shoulder, abduction and rotation

Front 53

Teres major

Back 53

Proximal margo caudalis scapulae> Tuberositas/bursa subtend/crista teres major

flexes the shoulder, adductor

Front 54

teres minor

Back 54

distal margo caudalis scap >tuberositas teres minor

flexes the shoulder

Front 55

M coracobrachialis

Back 55

Proc coracoideus>tuberositas/crista tuberculi minor

Flexes shoulder

Front 56

Articularis humeri

(horse pig cat)

Back 56

Collum scapulae>collum humeri

extends the capsule

Front 57

Biceps brachii

Back 57

Tuberculum supraglenoidale>Tuberositas radii

Extends the shoulder, flexes the elbow

Front 58

Triceps brachi caput longum

Back 58

Margo caudalis scapula>Tuber olecrani

Flexes the shoulder

Front 59

Triceps brachi caput laterale

Back 59

Linea m tricipitis, collum humeri > Tuber olecrani

Extends the elbow

Front 60

Triceps brachi caput mediale

Back 60

Tuberositas teres major > medial olecranon

Extends the elbow

Front 61

Triceps brachi caput accesorium

Back 61

Extends the elbow joint

Front 62

M Anconeus

Back 62

Both humeral epicondyls>Lateral olecranon

Extends the elbow joint

Front 63

Tensor fasciae antebrachi

Back 63

Latissimus dorsi+margo caudalis scap > medial olecranon + fascia antebrachi

Extends the antebrachial fascia and elbow joint,fixes shoulder joint(car)

Front 64

Extensor carpi radialis

Back 64

Epicondylus lateralis, crista supracondylaris >Tuberositas ossis MC3 (ung) + MC2 (car)

Extends and fixes the carpal joint, flexes elbow

Front 65

Extensor digitorum communis

Back 65

Lateral epicondylus>distal phalanx

extends the digits and carpal joint

Front 66

Extensor digitalis lateralis

Back 66

Lig collaterale cubiti>Prox/Mid phalanx

Extensor of fingers and carpal joint

Front 67

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Back 67

Lateral epicondyle > oss carpi accesorium

Extensor in carnivores

Front 68

Abductor digiti primi longus

Back 68

distal radius>MC1car MC2eq,sus MC3ru

Extensor of carpal joint and digits

Abductor in car

Front 69

Extensor digiti primi et secundi

Back 69

dorsolateral ulna>MC1

Front 70

flexor carpi radialis

Back 70

medial epicondyle > CarMC2+MC3 sus,ruMC3 eqMC2

flexes the carpal joint

Front 71

m flexor carpi ulnaris

Back 71

medial epicondyle/Medial olecranon > os carpi accesorium

flexes the carpal joint

Front 72

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Back 72

meidal epicondyle > middle phalanx

flexes fingers and carpal joint

Front 73

m flexor digitorum profundus

Back 73

Caput humerale(medial epidcondyle)

Caput radiale(radius)

Caput ulnare(olecranon)

>

distal phalanx

Flexes fingers and carpal joint

Front 74

m.Brachioradialis

Back 74

crista epicondylus lateralis>Proc Styloideus

Supinator

Front 75

Supinator

Back 75

lateral epicondyle>proximal radius

supinator

Front 76

Pronator teres

Back 76

Medial epicondyle > medial radius

pronator

Front 77

Pronator quadratus

Back 77

Between the distal antibrachial bones

Pronator

Front 78

Coccygeus

Back 78

Spina ischiadica>first caudal vertebrae

Front 79

Levator anii

Back 79

medial to the coccygeus>caudal vertebrae

Front 80

psoas major

Back 80

final thoracic v. bodies > trochanter minor

Front 81

iliacus

Back 81

ala sacralis > trochanter minor

Flexes the hip joint and spine with foot on the ground

Front 82

Psoas minor

Back 82

Ventral final thoracic and first 4-5 lumbar > tuberculum m psoas minor

Moves the hip cranio-dorsally, fixes and flexes the spine

Front 83

gluteus superficialis

Back 83

Tuber coxae. crista mediana sacrale > biceps femoris, tensor fasciae latae

Flexes hip joint, abductor and extensor(car)

Front 84

gluteus medius

Back 84

fascies glutea > trochanter minor

Front 85

Gluteus accesorius

Back 85

Linea glutea accesoria, trochanter major

extends the hip, retracts the limb

Front 86

Gluteus profundus

Back 86

spina ischiadica > trochanter major

abductor

Front 87

Piriformis

Back 87

sacrum>trochanter major

extensor hip, retracts limb

Front 88

TF latae

Back 88

tuber coxae > patella

Moves the fascia, flexes the hip, extends the stifle

Front 89

m gluteofemoralis

Back 89

1st caudal vertebra > fascia lata

moves the tail laterally and ventrally, or limb caudally and laterally

Front 90

obturatorius internus

Back 90

Internal surface of for obt > fossa trochanterica

extends the hip joint

Front 91

obturatorius externa

Back 91

External surface of for obt > foss trochanterica

supinator, adductor

Front 92

mm gemeli

Back 92

Spina ischiadica > fossa trochanterica

Supinator

Front 93

quadratus femoris

Back 93

os ischi > under fossa trochanterica

retractor, extends the hip

Front 94

M. quadriceps femoris
– 4 heads – m. rectus femoris, m. vastus lateralis, m. vastus intermedius, m. vastus medius

Back 94

Origin = rectus femoris: corpus ossis ilii, vastus lateralis: lateral femus, vastus intermedius: cranial femur, vastus medius: medial femur
Insertion = patella, tuberositas tibiae
Function = extends the stifle joint, flexes the hip

Front 95

M. articularis genus
– only in Car

Back 95

Origin = corpus ossis femoris
Insertion = capsule of femoropatellar joint
Function = tenses femoropatellar joint capsule

Front 96

M. popliteus

Back 96

Origin = fossa poplitea of the lateral femoral condyle
Insertion = procimal caudomedial corpus tibiae
Function = flexes stifle joint

Front 97

M. biceps femoris

Back 97

Origin = Eq: sacrum, lig. sacrotuberale latum, tiber ischiadicum, Car: lig. sacrotuberale, tuber ischiadicum
Insertion = patella, crista tibiae, tuber calcanei
Function = extends hip and stifle joints, flexes stifle joint

Front 98

M. abductor cruris caudalis
– only in Car

Back 98

Origin = Dog: lig. sacrotuberale latum, Cat: 1st caudal vertebrae
Insertion = fuses with m. biceps femoris
Function = synergist with m. biceps femoris

Front 99

M. semitendinosus

Back 99

Origin = Eq, Su: sacrum, 1st caudal vertebrae, os ischii, Car, Ru: tuber ischiadicum
Insertion = cranial border of the tibia, fascia cruris and tuber calcanei
Function = extends hip, stifle and hock joints

Front 100

M. semimembranosus

Back 100

Origin = tuber ischiadicum, lig. sacrotuberale latum
Insertion = condylus medialis ossis femoris, medial tibia
Function = abducts the pelvic limn, extends the hip and stifle joint

Front 101

M. sartorius

Back 101

Origin = Eq: os ilii, Ru, Su: os ilii, m. psoas minor, Dog: crista iliaca, spina iliaca, Cat: spina iliaca
Insertion = medial patellar ligament, crista tibiae
Function = flexes hip and stifle joints

Front 102

M. gracili

Back 102

Origin = symphysis pelvina, pecten ossis pubis
Insertion = medial patellar ligament, crista tibiae, crural fascia, tuber calcanei
Function = adductor of the thigh

Front 103

Mm. adductores
– m. adductor longus (Cat only)
– m. adductor brevis and magnus (Eq, Car)
– single muscle in Su and Ru

Back 103

Origin = ventral surface of pelvis, tendo symphysialis, tuber ischiadicum
Insertion = femur, trochanter minor, epicondylus medialis
Function = adducts and draws the pelvic limb

Front 104

M. pectineus

Back 104

Origin = pecten ossi pubis
Insertion = femur, trochanter minor, epicondylus medialis
Function = adducts and draws the pelvic limb

Front 105

Trigonum femorale

Back 105

Bordered by:
M. sartorius cranialli
M. gracillus caudally
M. vestus medialis, m. iliopsoas, m. pectineus below
Femoral fascia medially

Front 106

M. tibialis cranialis

Back 106

Origin = crista tibiae, condylus lateralis tibiae, capitulum fibulae
Insertion = ramus medialis: os tarsale and metatarsale, ramus lateralis: os metatarsale III
Function = flexes hock joint

Front 107

M. peroneus tertius
– absent in Car

Back 107

Origin = femur, fossa extensoria
Insertion = Eq: tarsal bones and Mt3, Ru: Mt3 & Mt4, Su: Mt2
Function = flexes the hock joint

Front 108

M. peroneus longus
– absent in Eq

Back 108

Origin = tibia, condylus lateralis, stifle joint, lig. collaterale laterale, proximal fibula
Insertion = Os tarsale 1, Ru: Mt3 & Mt4, Car: Mt1 or Mt2

Front 109

M. peroneus brevis
– only in Car

Back 109

Origin = distal fibula and tibia
Insertion = Mt5
Function = flexes hock joint, abducts and rotates distal end of the limb

Front 110

M. gastrocnemius
– part of m. triceps surae
– 2 heads – caput laterale, caput mediale

Back 110

Origin = caput laterale: lateral fossa supracondylaris, caput mediale: medial fossa supracondylaris
Insertion = tuber calcanei
Function = extensor of the hock

Front 111

M. soleus
– part of m. triceps surae

Back 111

Origin = Eq, Cow, Cat: fibula, Ru: condylus lateralis tibiae, Su: condylus lateralis femoris, patella, lig. patellae
Insertion = fused with m. gastrocnemius
Function extends the hock joint, flexes stifle (Su only)

Front 112

Tendo calcaneus communis
– Achilles tendon

Back 112

Composed of:
Tendo m. tricipitis surae, tendo m. flexorius digitalis superficialis

Front 113

M. extensor digitalis longus
– single part in Eq
– 2 parts in Ru
– 3 parts in Su
– 4 parts in Car

Back 113

Origin = fossa extensoria of the femur
Insertion = distal phalanx, processus extensorius
Function = extends the digits

Front 114

M. extensor digitalis lateralis

Back 114

Origin = stifle joint, lig. collaterale laterale, fibula, condylus lateralis tibiae
Insertion = middle phalanx, Eq: fused with m. extensor digitalis longus
Function = extends digits

Front 115

M. extensor digitalis brevis

Back 115

Origin = dorsal tarsus
Insertion = m. extensor digitalis longus and lateralis

Front 116

M. flexor digitalis superficialis

Back 116

Origin = femur, fossa or tuberositas supracondylaris
Insertion = tuber calcanei, middle phalanx
Function = flexes digits, extends hock joint, passive stay (Eq)

Front 117

M. flexor digitalis profundus
– 3 heads: m. flexor digitalis lateralis, m. flexor digitalis medialis, m. tibialis caudalis

Back 117

Origin = condylus lateralis tibiae, caudal surface of the tibia and fibula
Insertion = facies flexoria, distal phalanx
Function = flexes digits, extends hock joint

Front 118

Mm. interossei

Back 118

Origin = proximal ends of metatarsals
Function = fix the joints

Front 119

orbicularis oris

Back 119

closes the lips of a closed mouth and is a pressor of the labial glands

Front 120

M. incisivus superior

Back 120

margo alveolaris, margo interalveolaris of incisive bone> m. orbicularis oris

raises the lip

Front 121

M. incisivus inferior

Back 121

margo alveolaris, margo interalveolaris of the incisive part of the mandible > m. orbicularis oris

depress the inferior lip

Front 122

M. levator labii superioris

Back 122

R - tuber faciale, P - fossa canina, H – margo orbitalis ventralis, Dog – behind foramen infraorbitale

>

D,R-Nostrils, Eq-Superior lip, P- Os rostrale

Raises the upper lip, moves it caudally

Front 123

M. caninus

Back 123

tuber faciale (R), crista facialis (H)

>

Superior lip, Lateral nasal fold

Dilates naris and elevates apex nasi

Front 124

M. levator nasolabialis

Back 124

Rostral/Nasal fascia

>

Lateral nasal fold, Angularis oris, Labium superior

Dilates naris, raises superior lip

Front 125

Depressor labi superior

Back 125

Tuber(R) Crista(P) facialis

>
Superior lip and nose, tendinous extension in pigs to os rostrale

Depresses the superior lip, moves the nose

Front 126

M zygomaticus

Back 126

Arcus zygomaticus/Fascia masseterica

>
M.orbicularis oris

Fix and move angularis oris caudally

Front 127

Buccinator

Back 127

margo alveolaris + margo interalveolaris of max and mand

>

Longitudinal tendinous strip

moves food from the vestibule to the masticatory tooth surface, compresses glands

Front 128

Depressor labii inferioris

Back 128

body of the mandible (R,P); proc. coronoideus and tuber maxillae (H)

>

Fuses with m. buccinator and ends in the inferior lip

Moves angularis oris caudally

Front 129

Mentalis

Back 129

facies labialis of the mandible

>

Inferior lip, forms the chin

Moves the chin

Front 130

Lateralis nasi

Back 130

incisura nasoincisiva and the nasal cartilages

.>

lateral and medial fold of the nose; horse – diverticulum nasi

dilates the naris

Front 131

Dilatator naris apicalis

Back 131

os incisivum

>

medial nasal fold (ruminants); cartilage alaris (horse)

Dilates the naris

Front 132

Orbicularis oculi

Back 132

Palpebral part: Palpebral origin

- Orbital part: Margo orbitalis

Closes the eye

Front 133

Levateor anguli oculi medialis

Back 133

Crista pterygoidea/Linea temporalis(eq)

>

Superior palpebra

Elevates the superior palpebra

Front 134

Retractor anguli occuli lateralis

Back 134

proc. zygomaticus ossis frontalis; m. frontoscutularis

>

lateral angle of the eye lids

Pulls the lateral palpebral ange caudally

Front 135

Mallaris

Back 135

Fascia masseterica

>

inferior eyelid

Pulls the inferior eyelid ventrally

Front 136

Auricularis rostralis

Back 136

arcus zygomaticus, fascia parotidea, linea temporalis, scutulum, proc. cornualis

>

Rostral ear
Rotate the conchal opening rostrally

Front 137

Auricularis dorsale

Back 137

scutulum, crista saggitalis externa, protuberantia occipitalis externa

>

Medially on the external ear

rotates the conchal opening dorsally and medially

Front 138

Auricularis ventralis

Back 138

M. Parotidoauricularis: Fascia parotidea

M.Styloauricularis(CAR: mandibuloauricularis) : Proc styloideus

>

Ventral concha

Pulls the ear ventrally

Front 139

Masseter

Back 139

crista facialis, arcus zygomatica,

>

Fossa massetericus / proc coronoideus

Closes the mouth(masticates)

Front 140

Pterygoideus med et lat

Back 140

Proc. pterygoideus/osssphenoidalis

>

Med: medial side of ventral mandibular margin

Lat: Medial side of proc condylaris mandibulae

Raises the mandible(MAstication, mouth closing)

Front 141

M. Temporalis

Back 141

Crista nuchae, Linea temporalis, Crista sagittalis externa

>

Proc coronoideus

Raises the mandible, closing the mouth (masticatory)

Front 142

Digastricus

Back 142

Proc paracondylaris

>

Medial mandibular surface

Opens the mouth

Front 143

M frontalis

Back 143

R-present, Car-Lentiform, Eq - Weak

Front 144

M Mylohyoideus

Back 144

Linea mylohyoidea

>

Hyoid bone

Front 145

M rectus capitis dorsalis major

Back 145

Crista axis

>

Crista nuchae

elevates the head, extends the AO joint

Front 146

M rectus capitis dorsalis minor

Back 146

Arcus dorsalis atlas

>

Squama occipitalis

Elevates the head extends the AA joint

Front 147

Rectus capitis lateralis

Back 147

Alae atlantis, Arcus ventralis

>

Processus jugularis

Flexes the AO joint

Front 148

Rectus capitis ventralis

Back 148

Arcus ventralis

>

Basal pars of occipital bone

Flexes the AO joint

Front 149

Obliquus capitis cranialis

Back 149

Margo cranialis of alae atlantis

>

Squama occupitalis, processus jugularis

Extends the AO joint

Front 150

Obliquus capitis caudalis

Back 150

Crista axis

>

Ala atlantis

Rotation of the atlas(pivot), Fixation of the AA joint

Front 151

Cuteneus trunci

Back 151

Moves and fixes the skin

Front 152

Cuteneus omobrachialis

Back 152

Moves and fixes the skin

Ruminants and horses

Front 153

Cuteneus faciei

Back 153

Moves and fixes the skin

Well developed in carnivores

Front 154

Platyssma

Back 154

Pectoral fascia > Mandible

Moves and fixes the skin , Opens the mouth

Carnivores and pigs

Front 155

M sphincter colli superficiale et profunda

Back 155

Carnivores only

Facial expression, tightens skin

Front 156

M supramammarius cran et caud

Back 156

Aids in support of the mammary glands