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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Integumentary organ system |
Consists of the skin and accessory organs |
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Functions of the integumentary system
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- Insulates and cushions the underlying body tissue
- Protects from abrasion - Protects from exposure to harmful chemicals, temperature extremes, and bacterial invasion - Prevents water loss - Temperature regulation - Excretory system - Vitamin D synthesis - Sense organs for touch, pressure, pain and temperature |
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Superficial epidermis (Stratified squamous epithelial tissue) Dermis (Underlying dense irregular connective tissue) |
Two distinct regions of skin |
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Friction may cause the superficial epidermis and dermis to separate |
What causes a blister?
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Hypodermis / Superficial fascia |
- Lies immediately deep to the dermis - Not considered skin - Consists of mainly adipose tissue |
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Epidermis |
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of 4 distinct cell types and 4 or 5 distinct layers. |
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Keratinocytes Melanocytes Dendritic cells Tactile (Merkel) cells |
Cells of the epidermis |
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Keratinocytes
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Most abundant epidermal cells, main function is to produce keratin fibril - a fibrous protein that gives epidermis its durability and protective capabilities. Tightly connects to each other by desmosomes. |
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Melanocytes |
Spidery black cells that produce brown to black pigment called melanin. Provides protective pigment umbrella over nuclei of cells, shielding their genetic material from UV. |
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Dendritic cells |
Also called Langerhans cells, cells play a role in immunity by performing phagocytosis |
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Tactile (Merkel) cells |
Occasionally spiky hemispheres that in combination with sensory nerve endings, form sensitive touch receptors located at the epidermal-dermal junction |
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Stratum Corneum Stratum Lucidum (May or may not exist- depends whether it is "Thick skin" like the palms, soles) Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale CLGSB |
From superficial to deep, the four-five layers of the epidermis |
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Papillary Reticular |
Two regions of the dermis |
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Papillary Layer of the dermis |
Superficial dermal region composed of areolar connective tissue. Uneven and has fingerlike projections from its superior surface called the dermal papillar, which attach it to the epidermis above. Ex: Produce fingerprints, unique patterns of epidermal ridges |
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Reticular Layer of the dermis |
Deepest skin layer. Composed of dense irregular connective tissue and contains arteries, veins, sweat and sebaceous glands, pressure receptors |
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Collagen and elastic Fibers Adipose, fibroblasts, macrophages Lymphatic vessels Nerve fibers |
Components of the dermis (Fibers and Scattered Cells) |
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Skin Color |
Result of the relative amount of melanin in skin, relative amount of carotene in skin and the degree of oxygenation of blood. |
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Carotene |
Yellow orange pigment present primarily in stratum corneum and adipose tissue of hypodermis. |
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Cyanosis |
When blood is inadequately oxygenated as during asphyxiation and serious lung disease, blood and skin become bluish |
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Jaundice |
When tissues become yellowed, almost always diagnostic for liver disease, hints that a person's adrenal cortex is hypoactive (Addison's disease) |
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Cutaneous glands, hair and nails |
Accessory Organs of the Skin |
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Nails |
Hornlike derivatives of the epidermis |
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Hair shaft: Region projecting from the surface of the skin Hair root: Which is beneath the surface of skin and is embedded within the hair follicle |
Two regions of hair |
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Hair bulb |
Collection of well nourished epithelial cells at the base of the hair follicle |
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Medulla in center Cortex that surrounds medulla Cuticle that protects |
3 Layers of keratinized cells of the hair shaft and hair root |
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Hair follicle
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Structure formed from both epidermal and dermal cells. Its inner epithelial root hseath, with internal and external parts, is enclosed by thickened basement membrane, and by a peripheral connective tissue. Below is the hair papilla and hair matrix forming a small nipple of dermal tissue.
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Arrector pili muscle |
Small bands of smooth muscle cells connect each hair follicle to the papillary layer of the dermis ex: Responds to temperature |
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Sebaceous glands Sweat glands |
Cutaneous glands primary two categories |
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Sebaceous (oil) glands |
Found nearly all over the skin except for palms and soles. The produce of these glands is sebum, a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep skin soft and moist and keeps hair from becoming brittle |
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Sweat (Sudoriferous) glands |
Exocrine glands that widely distributed all over the skin |
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Eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands
Apocrine sweat glands |
Categories by composition of sweat gland secretions |
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Eccrine sweat glands |
Also called merocrine Important heat regulating apparatus Produce clear perspiration |
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Apocrine Sweat Glands |
Found mostly in axillary and genital areas Secrete basic components of eccrine sweat plus proteins and fat rich substances |
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Lamellar Corpuscle |
Identify 11 |
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Cutaneous plexus |
Identify 14 |
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Hair follicle |
Identify 18 |