Anatomy And Physiology Test 1 Lecture 2

Front 1

histology

Back 1

the study of tissues

Front 2

tissue rules

Back 2

1. one tissue cannot be a component of another tissue

2. tissues can surround other tissues completely

Front 3

epithlium

Back 3

tissue that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity--often forms glands

Front 4

general characteristics of all epithelia

Back 4

1. cellularity--composed almost entirely of cells

2. specialized cell to cell contacts

3. polarity (two sides are different)--apical and basal

4. basement membrane (anchors epithelium to the underlying connective tissue

5. ability to regenerate quickly

6. avascular--not associated with blood vessels

innervated--associated with nerve cell processes

Front 5

epithelium functions

Back 5

absorption and secretion (active)--involves microvilli

diffusion and filtration (passive)

propulsion

sliding

protection

sensory reception

Front 6

apical side

Back 6

toward space

Front 7

basal side

Back 7

toward attachment

Front 8

absorption

Back 8

active uptake of molecules

Front 9

secretion

Back 9

active release of molecules

Front 10

microvilli

Back 10

extensions to increase surface area

Front 11

diffusion

Back 11

molecules move down concentration gradient

Front 12

filtration

Back 12

plasma (fluid component of blood) leaks across capillary walls

Front 13

propulsion

Back 13

in epithelium tissue, cilia drive fuild along the surface of the epithelium

Front 14

sliding

Back 14

allows for the least possible friction (lungs, etc)

Front 15

protection physical feature

Back 15

multiple layers of cells

Front 16

sensory reception

Back 16

epithelial cell generates sensory signal (looks like flower)

Front 17

ways epithelial tissue can be classified

Back 17

by layering--simple (one layer) vs stratified (five layers)

by shape--squamous vs cuboidal vs columnar (named for the shape of the apical layer--layer towards space)

Front 18

simple epithelium

Back 18

1. simple squmous

2. simple cuboidal

3. simple columnar

4. pseudostratified columnar

Front 19

simple squamous epithelium

Back 19

simple epithelium, thinnest kind, no surface projections (cilia, microvilli)

lining of air sacs in lungs (alveoli), lining of heart and blood vessels, glomerular capsule in kidney (where filtration occurs)

Front 20

endothlium

Back 20

interlining of heart and blood vessels

Front 21

simple cuboidal

Back 21

function--absorption and secretion

glands, kidney tubules

Front 22

simple columnar**

Back 22

nonciliated-- lines most of digestive tract.

ciliated--lines small bronchi (air tubes in lungs to sweep away debri), lining of uterine tube

function--absorption and secretion, propulsion with celia

EX goblet cell-secrete mucus (digestive and respiratory tracts

Front 23

pseudostratified columnar

Back 23

1. all cells attached to basement membrane, so not truely stratified

2. undifferentiated cells don't reach apical surface

3. nuclei occur at different levels, so tissue looks "stratified"

ciliated--lines trachea and upper respiratory tract

Front 24

absoption, simple squamous vs simple cuboidal/columnar/psuedostratified

Back 24

simple--no absoption/secretion

cubiodal, columnar, pseudostratified--yes absorption and secretion

Front 25

diffusion, filtration

simple squamous vs simple cuboidal, columnar, pseudostratified

Back 25

simple--yes diffusion

rest--no

Front 26

propulsion

simple squamous vs simple cuboidla, columnar, pseudostraified

Back 26

simple squamous--no (no celia)

simple rest--yes if ciliated

Front 27

sliding

simple squamous vs simple rest

Back 27

simple squamous--yes

simple rest--no

Front 28

types of stratified epithelium

Back 28

1. stratified squamous

2. stratified cuboidal

3. stratified columnar

4. transitional

Front 29

stratified squamous function and examples

Back 29

1. thickest type of epithelium

function--protection (provent abrasion, etc)

ex keratinized-skin

nonkeratinized-ends of digestive and reproductive tracts

Front 30

stratified cuboidal function and examples

Back 30

function-protection and secretion

ex-large ducts of glands (mammory, salivary, etc)--galstone etc can cause damage to tubes

Front 31

stratified columnar function and examples

Back 31

least common

function--protection and secretion

ex--urethra of male

Front 32

transitional epithelium function and examples

Back 32

function-stretachbility, protection. apical cells change shape when tissue stretches

ex-urinary bladder

Front 33

all stratified epithelium provides what?

Back 33

protection

Front 34

gland

Back 34

structure whose cells are specialized for secretion. exocrine and endocrine

Front 35

most glands develop from...

Back 35

invaginated epithelia

Front 36

exocrine glands

Back 36

1. secrete products onto body surfaces or into cavities

2. all dreived from epithelia

3. most multicellular except goblet

exo--outside. such as sweat to body surface

Front 37

endocrine glands

Back 37

secrete products into the blood

1. products are hormones--have effects on specific target organs--very specific (pubic hair example)

2. derived from epithelia or other tissues (such as nervous)

endo-inside