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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Anatomy |
Study of structures of body and their relationships to one another |
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Gross anatomy |
Large structures visible to the naked eye |
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Sub divisions of gross anatomy |
1. Surface anatomy 2. Regional anatomy 3. Systemic anatomy |
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Microscopic anatomy |
Small structures that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
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Cytology (microscopic anatomy) |
Internal structures of cells |
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Histology (microscopic anatomy) |
Structure and properties of a collection of cells (=tissues) |
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Physiology |
-Study of function -How body structures work and carry out their vital activities -often at cellular level -requires knowledge of physics and chem |
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Grand theme of Anatomy and physio |
Structure directly determines function |
A slight change in anatomy can have a significant effect on physiology |
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Life processes |
Movement Growth Responsiveness Metabolism Differentiation Reproduction |
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Levels of organization |
1. Chemical level 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ system 6. Organism |
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Levels of organization |
1. Chemical level 2. Cellular 3. Tissue 4. Organ 5. Organ system 6. Organism |
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Chemical level (level of organization) |
Atoms combined to form molecules |
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Cellular level (level of organization) |
Cells made of molecules |
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Cellular level (level of organization) |
Cells made of molecules |
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Tissue level (level of organization) |
Collection of same cells |
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Organ level (level of organization) |
Made up of different types of tissues come together to form an organ |
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Organ system (level of organization) |
Different organs that work together closely |
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Organism (level of organization) |
Made up of many organ systems working together |
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Body systems (11) |
1. Endocrine 2. Lymphatic 3. Respiratory 4. Cardiovascular 5. Nervous 6. Urinary 7. Skeletal 8. Muscle 9. Digestive 10. Integumentary 11. Reproduction |
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Body systems |
Back (Definition) |
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Homeostasis |
The internal environment of the body is in a dynamic state of equilibrium Mainly controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems |
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Homeostatic control mechanisms |
1. Receptor 2. Control center 3. Effector |
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Homeostatic control mechanisms variables are |
Something that changes |
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Negative feedback |
End result is opposite of what started with -The output shuts off the original stimulus |
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Positive feedback |
The output is adding onto the change that happened -output enhances original stimulus -needed for dangerous or stressful situations Ex) regulation of blood clotting |
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Anatomical position |
Body react, feet parallel, slightly apart, arms to the side, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from body |
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Supine |
Person laying down in anatomical position on posterior part of the body |
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Supine |
Person laying down in anatomical position on posterior part of the body |
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Prone |
Lying facedown on anterior part of body |
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Superior |
Upper half of the body, towards the head |
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Inferior |
Lower half of the body, towards the feet |
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Posterior |
Back of the hands elbows and fingernails |
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Anterior |
Palm of the hand |
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Dorsal |
Posterior of the body, the back |
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Dorsal |
Posterior of the body, the back |
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Ventral |
Interior of the body, abdomen |
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Deep |
Toward interior of the body |
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Superficial |
Near surface of the body |
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Lateral |
Directional term towards sides of body from the midline |
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Medial |
Toward midline of the body |
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Distal |
Moving from hip or shoulder down in arm or leg |
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Proximal |
Move toward hip or shoulder on arm or leg |
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Sectional anatomy (Different planes) |
-sagittal -midsagittal or medial -frontal or coronal -transverse (cross section) -oblique section |
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Sectional anatomy (Different planes) |
-sagittal -midsagittal or medial -frontal or coronal -transverse (cross section) -oblique section |
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Sagittal (sectional anatomy/planes) |
Cut through the body from front to back so there are right and left side |
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Mid sagittal or medial (sectional anatomy/planes) |
Cutthrough medially, dividing body into EQUAL right or left halves |
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Mid sagittal or medial (sectional anatomy/planes) |
Cut through medially, dividing body into EQUAL right or left halves |
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Frontal or Coronal (sectional anatomy/planes) |
Through so there are front and back halves, result is a vertical plane |
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Transverse (cross section) (sectional anatomy/planes) |
Cut across transversely |
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Transverse (cross section) (sectional anatomy/planes) |
Cut across transversely |
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Oblique section (sectional anatomy/planes) |
at an angle |
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Regional landmarks |
Used by anatomists and clinicians to indicate a specific area of the abdominal or pelvic regions By Abdominopelvic regions Abdominopelvic quadrants |
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Abdominalpelvic regions (9) |
Umbilical, epigastric, hypogastric, right left hypochondriac, right left lumbar, right left iliac |
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Organs in abdominopelvic regions |
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Organs in Abdominopelvic quadrants |
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Right upper quadrant |
Liver, gallbladder, kidney, stomach, large and small intestine |
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Left upper quadrant |
Liver, stomach, pancreas, kidney, spleen, portion of large intestine |
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Right lower quadrant |
Cecum, appendix, small intestine, ovary, spermatic cord, right ureter |
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Left lower quadrant |
Most of small intestine, large intestine, left ureter, ovary, spermatic cord |
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Body cavities |
Cavities are spaces which are closed to the outside
Axial (head, neck, torso -no extremities) portion of the body has two large body cavities |
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Two large body cavities |
Dorsal and ventral |
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Two large body cavities |
Dorsal and ventral |
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Dorsal body cavity |
-Protects central nervous system -Toward the back -contains two cavities |
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Two large body cavities |
Dorsal and ventral |
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Dorsal body cavity |
-Protects central nervous system -Toward the back -contains two cavities |
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Dorsal body cavity - 2 cavities within |
Cranial cavity and Vertebral cavity |
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Two large body cavities |
Dorsal and ventral |
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Dorsal body cavity |
-Protects central nervous system -Toward the back -contains two cavities |
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Dorsal body cavity - 2 cavities within |
Cranial cavity and Vertebral cavity |
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Cranial cavity of the dorsal body cavity |
Contains the brain enclosed in the skull |
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J |
Back (Definition) |
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Vertebral cavity within the dorsal body cavity |
Back (Definition) |
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Ventral body cavity |
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Ventral body cavities |
Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity |
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Thoracic cavity |
-Superior cavity -Surrounded by ribs, muscles, diaphragm |
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Thoracic cavity contains |
Right and left pleural cavity and mediastinum |
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R/L pleural cavity |
Contains lungs (sides of chest) |
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Mediastinum |
-Center of chest -Contains Pericardial cavity with heart, trachea, esophagus, and major blood vessels |
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Abdominopelvic cavity |
-Below the diaphragm -Enclosed abdominal wall and pelvis -Contains abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity |
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Abdominal cavity (abdominal cavity of ventral body cavity) |
Contains digestive organs and spleen |
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Pelvic cavity (of abdominopelvic cavity of ventral body cavity) |
-More inferior, most inferior of torso -Enclosed by true pelvis, contains bladder, reproductive organs and rectum |
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Body cavity summary |
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Ventral body cavity summary |
Back (Definition) |
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