Anatomy And Physiology Homeostasis

Front 1

What is the
central principle
of physiology?

Back 1

The normal function
of physiological systems
is to maintain fairly
constant internal conditions.

Front 2

Define homeostasis.

Back 2

A stable internal environment.

Front 3

Define homeostatic regulation.

Back 3

Adjustments in physiological systems
that are responsible for preserving
homeostasis/a stable internal
environment.

Front 4

List some vital characteristics that must be maintained within relatively narrow limits required for body function.

Back 4

The mechanisms
responsible for
controlling levels of:
-oxygen -carbon dioxide -glucose
-pH -blood pressure, etc.

Front 5

The two general mechanisms
involved in homeostatic regulation.

Back 5

-Autoregulation

-Extrinsic regulation

Front 6

Define Autoregulation.

Back 6

General mechanism involved in homeostatic regulation when the activities of the cell, tissue, organ,
or system change automatically
when there is some change in its
environment.

Front 7

Example of Autoregulation.

Back 7

When cells within a tissue need more
oxygen, they release chemicals that
cause an increase in blood flow to the
area, providing more oxygen to the
region.

Front 8

Define Extrinsic Regulation.

Back 8

Homeostatic regulation which
results from the activities of the
nervous or endocrine system,
organ systems that can control or
adjust the activities of many
different systems simultaneously.

Front 9

Examples of Extrinsic Regulation.

Back 9

-When you are exercising, your NS
issues commands that increase
the HR so that blood will circulate
faster.


-NS reduces blood flow to organs,
such as the digestive tract, that are
relatively inactive (oxygen in
circulating blood thus saved for the
active muscles.)

Front 10

What kind of responses do the
Nervous System and
Endocrine System regulate?
Differentiate.

Back 10

-The NS directs rapid, ST, and very
specific responses.

-The Endocrine System releases
hormones (responses not
immediately apparent, but when
effects appear, they often persist
for days or weeks.

Front 11

Define Hormones.

Back 11

Chemical messengers.

Front 12

Example of Endocrine Regulation
or Function

Back 12

-Regulation of blood volume and
composition.

-Adjustments of organ system function
during starvation or stress.

Front 13

What are the factors involved
in Regulatory Mechanisms?

Back 13

-Receptor (sensor sensitive to that
particular stimulus)
-Effector (that which engages in
activity which has an
effect on the same
stimulus.)
-Control/Integration Center
(between receptor and
effector - receives
information from
receptor and controls
effector)

Front 14

Define Set Point.

Back 14

Optimal level for the
controlled condition.

Front 15

Negative Feedback

Back 15

Homeostatic regulation mechanism
where an effector activated by the
control center acts to eliminate the
stimulus or reduce its magnitude.

Front 16

Give an example of Negative Feedback.

Back 16

Thermoregulation

Front 17

Define Thermoregulation.

Back 17

Mechanism involving the altering of the
relationship between heat loss, which
occurs primarily on the body surface,
and heat production, which occurs in
all active tissues.