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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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what was the main reason that many Americans opposed federal funding of internal improvements? |
taxes from all regions would be used to benefit only limited areas. |
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what issue lay at the heart of debate over the admission of Missouri as a state? |
The balance of slave states in the Senate. |
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The Missouri Compromise |
1) banned slavery north of Missouri's southern boundary 2) admitted Missouri as a slave state 3) admitted Maine as a free state |
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which tariff cause the nullification crisis? (and year?) |
tariff of abominations (1828!!) |
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which Indian tribe attempted to keep its lands through legal action? |
Cherokee |
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The main issue that pulled the whig party together was opposition to...? |
jackson's policies |
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what type of high tax on imported goods is designed to protect national manufacturers against foreign competition? |
protective tariff |
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what party of the common man is still around today? |
democratic |
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which policy did Jackson adopt toward the Indian problem? |
Indian removal policy |
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Who was the friend of the common man? |
Andrew Jackson |
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Who was the great compromiser who came up with the Missouri compromise? |
Henry Clay |
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Who was the little magician whose administration was marred by depression? |
Martin Van Buren |
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Who was the vice president who proposed the doctrine of nullification? |
John C. Calhoun |
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Who supported states rights and unexpectedly became president? |
John Tyler |
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who's presidency only lasted one month? |
William Henry Harrison |
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what is a tax on imported goods? |
tariff |
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what is national funding for roads, canals, and harbors? |
internal improvements |
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what is a closed meeting of party leaders? |
caucus |
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what is replacement of government officeholders with supporters of the new administration? |
spoils system |
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what is the view that states can reject congregational acts they deem unconstitutional? |
nullification |
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what is competition against the two major political parties? |
third party |
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what is a written statement describing where a party stands on issues? |
platform |
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what is a gathering of state delegates to nominate the party's presidential candidate? |
National convention |
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what was Clay's alleged agreement to make Adams president in return for becoming secretary of state? |
corrupt bargain |
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what were extremely high protectionist legislation that led to the nullification crisis? |
tariff of abominations |
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Who became famous for writing short stories and poems that explored the dark sixe of human nature? |
Edgar Allan Poe |
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what religion was popular among prominent Patriots? |
Deism |
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which group was prosecuted because the men took more than one wife? |
mormons |
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what will the government grant an inventor to protect his rights to an invention? |
patent |
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what was the fastest type of sailing ship ever built? |
clipper |
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Who invented the steel plow? |
John Deere |
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Who invented the reaping machine? |
Cyrus McCormick |
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Who invented the cotton gin? |
Eli Whitney |
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Who invented the steamboat? |
Robert Fulton |
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Who invented the telegraph? |
Samuel Morse |
morse code |
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what was the forced removal of Civilized Tribes from their homeland? |
Trail of Tears |
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Who was in eloquent former slave? |
Frederick Douglass |
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Who was a public education reformer? |
Horace Mann |
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Who was an author of elementary readers? |
William McGuffey |
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America's Manifest Destiny was to…? |
over spread and possess the whole continent |
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which trail was the most important in the settlement of the far West? |
Oregon |
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which trail was the trade route between Mexico and United States? |
Santa Fe |
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Daniel Webster remained on Tyler's cabinet after everyone else resigned because he…? |
was in the middle of negotiations with Britain |
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Who was perhaps the hardest working president in our nations history? |
James Polk |
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why was Texas annexed by a joint resolution of Congress rather than a formal treaty? |
Congress lacked the necessary 2/3 support required for a treaty |
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what dispute was immediate cause of the Mexican war? |
Texas–Mexico border |
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Who won the presidency with 31% of the popular vote? |
John Quincy Adams |
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what military campaign required hard marching but little fighting? |
New Mexico |
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which state was the bear flag Republic? |
California |
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what mission became the rallying cry during Texas' war for independence? |
Alamo |
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what do we call a candidate who is largely unknown by the general public? |
a dark horse |
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Who won Texas independence? |
Sam Houston |
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Who is "His Accidency" |
John Tyler |
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Who was the head of the whig party? |
Henry Clay |
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Who was the dark horse president? |
James Polk |
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what was the slaughter of a small Texas outpost by the Mexican army? |
the Alamo |
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the Calhoun Resolution said that slavery… |
could not be banned until a territory became a state |
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Who was president during the Panic of 1837? |
Martin Van Buren |
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what was the greatest spur American settlement of California? |
gold rush |
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the South resisted the admission of California as a state because they…? |
feared the loss of power in senate |
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according to Daniel Webster, why was the debate over slavery in the new territories needless? |
The climate of the new territories cannot support slavery. |
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which provision of the Compromise of 1850 actually worsened tensions between the north and south? |
fugitive slave law |
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what was Americas first major industry? |
textiles |
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in 1860 what was Americas most important export? |
cotton |
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what event was heralded by the words "What hath God wrought"? |
The first intercity telegraph message |
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what motive lay behind public education? |
educators believe they could solve societies problems |
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The Seneca Falls convention supported what important area of reform? |
woman's suffrage |
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what did prohibition seek to reform? |
alcohol abuse |
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What was one of the most effective propaganda tools for abolition? |
Uncle Tom’s Cabin |
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What party became the real successor to the Whig party? |
Republican party |
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What event caused the lower South to secede? |
the election of Lincoln |
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What event caused the upper South to secede? |
Lincoln’s call for troops |
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What federal arsenal was attacked in 1859 in hopes of sparking a slave revolt? |
Harper’s Ferry |
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Where was the first shot fired in the Civil War? |
Fort Sumter |
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Who was the war hero and antislavery president who died in office at a crucial time? |
Zachary Taylor |
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Who was a fanatical antislavery terrorist? |
John Brown |
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Who was the first Republican president? |
Abraham Lincoln |
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Who was president of the Confederate States of America? |
Jefferson Davis |
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Who was the Southern spokesman for slavery in the territories? |
John C. Calhoun |
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What was the belief that each territory could decide on the status of slaverywithin its borders? |
popular sovereignty |
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Who believed in the acceptance of slavery in the South, rejection of slavery inthe territories? |
free-soilers |
not an actual person. the name of a certain group of people |
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Someone who went to California for the gold rush? |
forty-niner |
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What is the term for leaving the Union? |
secession |
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What was one of the South’s basic strategies for victory during the Civil War? |
to outlast the North’s will to fight |
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What was the South’s primary advantage at the beginning of Civil War? |
better commanders |
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Where did most of the fighting occur in the East? |
Virginia |
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What general played a critical role in all the following Confederate victories: 1stManassas, 7 Days’ Battles, 2nd Manassas, and Chancellorsville? |
Stonewall Jackson |
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What event made the North realize that the Civil War would not be quickly over? |
1st Battle of Manassas |
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Which battle was the first clear-cut defeat of the Army of Northern Virginia? |
Battle of Gettysburg |
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Why did the North attempt to capture the Mississippi River? |
it would divide the Confederacy in two |
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Who once left the army because of alleged drunkenness? |
Ulysses S. Grant |
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During what daring campaign did Grant cut his army off from his supply bases tosurprise his enemy?
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Vicksburg |
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Why did Grant continue to fight after suffering so many losses in the easterncampaigns of 1864-65? |
He knew he could replace his losses, but the South could not |
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The capture of what city insured Lincoln’s reelection in 1864? |
Atlanta |
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What famous speech did Lincoln give to dedicate a war cemetery for one of thebloodiest battles of the Civil War? |
Gettysburg Address |
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What is the name for the Southern merchant ships that brought supplies toSouthern ports in spite of the blockade? |
blockade runners |
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What state was unconstitutionally admitted into the Union during the Civil War? |
West Virginia |
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What was the effort to blockade the South and capture the Mississippi River? |
Anaconda Plan |
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What was Sherman’s destruction of Georgia called? |
March to the Sea |
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What was the first major land battle of the Civil War? |
First Battle of Manassas |
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What was the South’s successful defense of its capital? |
7 Day’s’ Battles |
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What resulted in the Emancipation Proclamation? |
Battle of Antietam |
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What was the end of the South’s offensive capabilities? |
Battle of Gettysburg |
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Where did the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia take place? |
Appomattox Court House |
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What reason was Andrew Johnson impeached? |
he dismissed a radical secretary of war |
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Why did sharecropping become common in the South during Reconstruction? |
they lacked sufficient money to pay wages |
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Why was Tammany Hall allowed to continue its corruption? |
Democratic leaders needed its help for votes |
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What did Republicans offer Southern Democrats in return for their support inelecting Rutherford B. Hayes? |
removal of federal troops from the South |
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What term refers to the National government’s attempt to rebuild the Southfollowing the Civil War? |
reconstruction |
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What was the most severe depression in the first 100 years of America’s history? |
Panic of ‘73 |
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Who was the first president to be impeached? |
Andrew Johnson |
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Who was one of the most scandal-ridden administrations in American history? |
Ulysses S. Grant |
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Who was the victor of one of the most disputed presidential elections in UShistory? |
Rutherford B. Hayes |
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What was the method for freed slaves to farm the land without cash? |
sharecropping |
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What is Grantism? |
political corruption |
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What was the unanimous support of the Democratic party in the formerConfederacy? |
Solid South |
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What was Lincoln’s attempt to reestablish civilian government in the Southquickly? |
10% plan |
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What was the attempt to regulate the conduct of former slaves? |
Black Codes |
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True or false: President Johnson came one vote short of being removed from office. |
True |
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True or false: Both parties were accused of voting corruption during the election of 1876. |
True |
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What are 3 causes of American industrial growth in Gilded Age? |
1. immigration 2. innovative spirit 3. new sources of power/energy |
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Why did John D. Rockefeller choose to invest in oil refining rather than one of theother segments of the industry |
refining was a safe investment |
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What Christian industrial leader lived by the motto “To do a common thinguncommonly well brings success”? |
H.J. Heinz |
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What was the most significant communications achievement during the GildedAge? |
telephone |
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Politics during the Gilded Age was dominated by |
1. civil service reform 2. tariff revision 3. regulation of tursts |
3 |
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What industry was the main cause for passage of the Interstate Commerce Act? |
railroads |
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what philosophy was used to defend the development of monopolies inindustries such as oil and steel |
Social Darwinism |
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What were major elements of American society during Gilded Age? |
1. urbanization 2. New Immigration 3. materialism |
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What method did businessmen use to control all aspects of an industry? |
vertical integration |
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What severe depression hit America during Grover Cleveland’s second term inoffice? |
panic of ‘93 |
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What is a court order forbidding an action? |
injuction |
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What philosophy advocates the collective or government ownership of themeans of production? |
socialism |
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Who developed the theory of natural selection? |
Charles Darwin |
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Who was the shipping and railroad baron? |
Cornelius Vanderbilt |
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Who was the steel giant? |
Andrew Carnegie |
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Who was known for the oil-refining trust? |
John D. Rockefeller |
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Who was a brilliant financier? |
J. P. Morgan |
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Who invented the telephone |
Alexander Graham Bell |
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Who was American’s most prolific inventer? |
Thomas Alva Edison |
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Who was the reforming president who was assassinated? |
James Garfield |
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Who was the first Democratic president since the Civil War who championed commerce reform? |
Grover Cleveland |
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Who was a weak president who tried to reform monopolies? |
Benjamin Harrison |
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Who was the winner of the first modern presidential campaign (1896) |
William McKinley |
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The first transcontinental railroad was built primarily with immigrants from China and _________. |
Ireland |
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What is the significance of Promontory Point, Utah? |
place that railroads met |
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The open-range cattle industry came to an end for these reasons: |
1. fencing of farms 2. overgrazing land 3. expansion of railroads |
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What territory was settled by land rushes? |
Oklahoma |
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What became the main crop of the Great Plains? |
Wheat |
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What was the key to the culture of the Plains Indians? |
bison |
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What was the American government’s official goal during the Indian Wars? |
intended to move Indians to reservations |
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America’s foreign policy during late 1800’s included what goals? |
1. defending Western hemisphere against Europe 2. extending US territory 3. creating new trading opportunities |
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What territory did America buy from Russia? |
Alaska |
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Who were the Rough Riders? |
volunteer unit during Spanish-American War led by Teddy Roosevelt |
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What major victory did America win against Spain in the Pacific? |
Battle of Manila Bay |
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As a result of the Spanish-American War, the US gained ownership of...? |
1. Guam 2. Philippines 3. Puerto Rico |
three |
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What invention helped farmers fence their land on treeless plains? |
barbed wire |
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What are tracts of land set aside for Indians? |
reservations |
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What Chinese rebellion against foreigners was stopped by an international military force including American troops? |
Boxer Rebellion |
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What term describes the extension of power by one people or country over another? |
imperialism |
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What type of sensationalized news reporting became popular in the US late inthe 19 th century? |
yellow journalism |
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What war did America fight over the independence of Cuba? |
Spanish-American War |
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Who was the political leader of the Sioux? |
Sitting Bull |
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Who was the military leader of the Sioux? |
Crazy Horse |
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Who was the reckless colonel who lost his life at the Battle of the Little Bighorn? |
George Custer |
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Who was the “Indian Napoleon” chief of the Nez Perce Indians? |
Joseph |
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Who was the American commodore who negotiated a treaty with Japan? |
Matthew Perry |
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What provided 160 acres in the West free to anyone who improved it? |
Homestead Act |
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What was a bloody attack on a surrendered Indian band? |
Wounded Knee Massacre |
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What was the parceling of tribal Indian lands? |
Dawes Act |
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What was the agreement that opened Japan to trade? |
Treaty of Kanagawa |
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What was the antiforeign movement in China? |
Boxer Rebellion |
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What was the goal of the city manager form of government? |
government efficiency |
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Why did progessives support prohibition? |
they wanted to reduce crime and poverty |
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What was the subject of The Jungle? |
meat packing |
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Theodore Roosevelt crusaded for all of the following: |
1. conservation 2. trust-busting 3. Panama Canal |
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American leaders were afraid to grant the Philippines independence too quickly because? |
they feared another country would take over the Philippines |
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What phrase is most closely associated with the Roosevelt Corollary? |
international policeman |
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Why did Congress pass its first income tax in 1913? |
loss of tariff revenues |
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What was the most significant agricultural advance during the Progressive Era? |
tractor |
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Progressive education emphasized |
experience |
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What is a popular term for breaking up monopolies? |
trust-busting |
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What term refers to progressive writers who exposed abuse and corruption? |
muckrakers |
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Who perfected the assembly line method of production? |
Henry Ford |
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Who was a crusader for women’s suffrage? |
Susan B. Anthony |
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Who was a leading Socialist? |
Eugene Debs |
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Who was a conservative black and author of Up from Slavery? |
Booker T. Washington |
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Who was the black cofounder of the NAACP? |
W.E.B. Du Bois |
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Who was an advocate of progressive education? |
John Dewey |
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What was the early 20th century movement that favored reform? |
progressivism |
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What is the government ownership of utilities? |
gas and water socialism |
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What is the careful use of national resources? |
conservation |
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What is the forced separation of races? |
segregation |
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What is the denial of God and the affirmation of Man’s perfectibility? |
secular humanism |
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What event sparked the Great War? |
murder of Archduke Ferdinand |
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What was Germany’s Schlieffen Plan? |
to defeat France quickly and then attack Russia |
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Germany’s invasion of what nation brought Great Britain into the Great War? |
Belgium |
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The 14 Points included…. |
the creation of the League of Nations |
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In what year did the US enter WWI? |
1917 |
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What popular term described American soldiers in WWI? |
doughboy |
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On what exact date did the Germans sign a truce, ending the War? |
Nov. 11, 1918 |
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What clause in the peace treaty stated that Germany was responsible for theGreat War? |
war-guilt clause |
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What unreasonable demand did Britain and France make on the Germans to paythe entire cost of the war? |
reparation payments |
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Who was the American general during World War I? |
John J. Pershing |
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What is the name for those nations opposing Germany during the Great War? |
Allies |
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What is the name for Germany and its allies during the Great War? |
Central Powers |
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What passenger liner was sunk with Americans on board? |
Lusitania |
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What intercepted the German plot to give part of America to Mexico? |
Zimmerman Telegram |
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What was the ruling that allowed the limit free speech during wartime? |
Schenk v. United States |
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What is the name for the peacetime association of countries designed to preventwar? |
League of Nations |
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What truce ended the Great War? |
Armistice |
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