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100 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
shanty towns built by the homeless during the Great Depression
Hooverville
Stocks prices dropped sharply on October 29, 1929
Black Tuesday
periods in which the economy grows, then contracts
Business Cycle
Highest import tax in history (1930)
Hawley-Smoot tariff
Repeal of Prohibition
21st Amendment
legislation that strengthened the rights of labor unions
Wagner Act
way of providing financial support for those who could not support themselves
Social Security system
Roosevelt’s relief, recovery, and reform plans to pull the nation out of the Depression
New Deal
government-funded projects to build public facilities
public works programs
philosophy emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader
fascism
government that exerts total control over a nation
totalitarian
keeping the peace by giving into an aggressor’s demands
appeasement
Germany and Italy, later joined by Japan
Axis Powers
founded by pacifists and directed by James Farmer
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
gave young African American activists a voice in the civil rights movement
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
introduced the concept of nonviolent protest
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
group called Black Muslims who preached black separation and self-help
Nation of Islam
rigid pattern of legal separation of the races
de jure segregation
racial separation imposed by poverty and ghetto conditions
de facto segregation
idea that African Americans should take charge of their communities
black power
philosophical “wall” of Soviet domination and oppression
iron curtain
U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism
containment
competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world
Cold War
countries subject to Soviet domination
satellite nations
committee that probed the government for Communist infiltration
HUAC
a military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations
Warsaw Pact
American financial aid program for helping Western Europe recover
Marshall Plan
means of transporting supplies around a Soviet blockade
Berlin airlift
program in which volunteers served in developing nations
Peace Corps
cooperative effort to produce economic and social reform in the Western Hemisphere
Alliance for Progress
failed attempt by the United States to oust Fidel Castro
Bay of Pigs invasion
standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union that could have led to nuclear war
Cuban Missile Crisis
League for the Independence of Vietnam
Vietminh
Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam
Viet Cong
authorization for Johnson to take military action
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
1954 meeting to discuss the division of Vietnam
Geneva Accords
How did most investors react to a sudden fall in stock prices in 1929?
They raced to sell their stocks.
President Hoover believed that the best way to end the Depression was through
voluntary controls by American businesses.
One of Franklin Roosevelt’s traits that appealed to Americans was his
spirit of optimism.
Throughout most of the 1920s, Americans were generally
confident that business would bring continued prosperity.
One sign that the economy might be weakening in the 1920s was
uneven distribution of national wealth.
A major environmental crisis of the 1930s was known as
the Dust Bowl.
In 1933, the Twenty-first Amendment brought an end to
Prohibition.
The 1932 presidential election between Hoover and FDR served as a turning point in the way Americans viewed
the responsibilities of the federal government.
A fundamental disagreement between the candidates in the 1932 presidential election concerned whether or not
the federal government should try to fix people’s problems.
After the Crash, thousands of American banks closed, because they
could not return depositors’ money.
To get the Bonus Army marchers to leave the capital, General MacArthur
used force.
New Deal agencies still endure today except the
Civilian Conservation Corps.
Which was part of American policy during the early years of World War II?
remaining neutral while making war supplies available to Britain
What prompted the United States to enter the war in 1941?
the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
Joseph Stalin dominated the Soviet Union using the tactics of
terror and purges.
The Axis Powers were named for the “axis” between which two European capitals?
Berlin and Rome
Nazism was an extreme form of
fascism.
Hitler used which of the following military strategies when invading Poland?
a blitzkrieg
Who inspired the British people to resist the German invasion?
Winston Churchill
Which militant Japanese general became prime minister in October of 1941?
Tojo Hideki
Shortly after Congress passed a war declaration on Japan, which other two countries declared war on the United States?
Italy and Germany
What led the government to evacuate Japanese Americans from the West Coast?
long-held prejudice, and fears inflamed by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
The United States began to emerge from the depression as a result of
producing goods for the Allied forces.
The Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at
the Battle of Stalingrad.
The Battle of the Bulge was
the largest battle fought in Western Europe during World War II.
The Allies sunk all four Japanese carriers and 250 planes at
the Battle of Midway.
Through their island-hopping strategy, the Allies put themselves in a position to
bomb Japan.
The goal of the Manhattan Project was to
develop an atomic bomb.
During World War II, many Japanese Americans were interned, or
confined to camps in isolated areas
After the war, women were expected to
leave their jobs and return home.
Which of the following took place on D-Day?
the landing of Allied forces on France’s Normandy coast
What finally brought an end to World War II?
the dropping of atomic bombs by the United States on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
An important strategy used by American forces in the Pacific was
island hopping.
Martin Luther King, Jr., targeted Birmingham, Alabama, for demonstrations because he considered it
the most segregated city in the country.
After watching television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protesters by the Birmingham police, even opponents of the civil rights movement were
appalled by the police violence.
Participants in the 1963 March on Washington hoped to
convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation.
The black power movement taught that African Americans should
separate from white society and lead their own communities.
In which state did Freedom Riders encounter violent resistance?
Alabama
Which was a highlight of the March on Washington?
Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech
What did Malcolm X encourage African Americans to do?
to separate themselves from white society
The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended
the “separate but equal” doctrine
Martin Luther King, Jr., influenced by Gandhi, believed in
nonviolent protest.
The Black Panthers wanted African Americans to
lead their own communities.
Which of the following leaders were assassinated in 1968?
Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert Kennedy
What did President Truman promise in the Truman Doctrine?
to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.
How did the Soviet Union react to the Marshall Plan?
The Soviet Union refused to participate in the plan.
The Berlin airlift was President Truman’s response to the
Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
What was the outcome of the Korean War?
Korea remained divided at almost exactly the same place as before the war.
What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?
He encouraged a widespread fear of communism.
As a result of the Korean War, the United States succeeded in
keeping South Korea free of communism.
For nearly 50 years, the Cold War was characterized by
political conflict and military tensions.
What was one goal of the Marshall Plan?
to create stable democracies that could resist communism
Which of the following brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war?
the Cuban Missile Crisis
The policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation is known as
deterrence.
What did the Warren Commission decide about the Kennedy assassination?
Kennedy was killed by one man who had worked alone
As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis,
the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba.
People who opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds were known as
conscientious objectors.
Tensions between students who opposed the war and National Guardsmen resulted in four deaths at
Kent State.
Herbicides such as Agent Orange were used mainly to
expose Viet Cong hiding places
Why did Nixon resign?
to avoid impeachment due to Watergate
On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked planes and flew them into the
World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon.
Weeks after 9/11/2001, American forces landed in which country to fight the Taliban and search for Osama bin Laden?
Iraq
Which of the following was part of the New Deal legacy?
a restored sense of hope among the people
The complicated Allied invasion to take Europe back from the Axis Powers began
on D-Day.