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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
shanty towns built by the homeless during the Great Depression
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Hooverville
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Stocks prices dropped sharply on October 29, 1929
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Black Tuesday
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periods in which the economy grows, then contracts
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Business Cycle
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Highest import tax in history (1930)
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Hawley-Smoot tariff
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Repeal of Prohibition
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21st Amendment
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legislation that strengthened the rights of labor unions
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Wagner Act
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way of providing financial support for those who could not support themselves
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Social Security system
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Roosevelt’s relief, recovery, and reform plans to pull the nation out of the Depression
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New Deal
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government-funded projects to build public facilities
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public works programs
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philosophy emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic group and the supreme authority of the leader
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fascism
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government that exerts total control over a nation
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totalitarian
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keeping the peace by giving into an aggressor’s demands
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appeasement
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Germany and Italy, later joined by Japan
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Axis Powers
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founded by pacifists and directed by James Farmer
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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
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gave young African American activists a voice in the civil rights movement
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
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introduced the concept of nonviolent protest
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
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group called Black Muslims who preached black separation and self-help
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Nation of Islam
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rigid pattern of legal separation of the races
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de jure segregation
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racial separation imposed by poverty and ghetto conditions
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de facto segregation
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idea that African Americans should take charge of their communities
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black power
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philosophical “wall” of Soviet domination and oppression
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iron curtain
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U.S. policy of resistance to Soviet attempts at expanding communism
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containment
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competition between the United States and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world
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Cold War
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countries subject to Soviet domination
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satellite nations
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committee that probed the government for Communist infiltration
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HUAC
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a military alliance between the Soviet Union and its satellite nations
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Warsaw Pact
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American financial aid program for helping Western Europe recover
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Marshall Plan
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means of transporting supplies around a Soviet blockade
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Berlin airlift
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program in which volunteers served in developing nations
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Peace Corps
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cooperative effort to produce economic and social reform in the Western Hemisphere
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Alliance for Progress
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failed attempt by the United States to oust Fidel Castro
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Bay of Pigs invasion
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standoff between the United States and the Soviet Union that could have led to nuclear war
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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League for the Independence of Vietnam
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Vietminh
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Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam
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Viet Cong
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authorization for Johnson to take military action
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Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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1954 meeting to discuss the division of Vietnam
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Geneva Accords
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How did most investors react to a sudden fall in stock prices in 1929?
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They raced to sell their stocks.
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President Hoover believed that the best way to end the Depression was through
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voluntary controls by American businesses.
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One of Franklin Roosevelt’s traits that appealed to Americans was his
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spirit of optimism.
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Throughout most of the 1920s, Americans were generally
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confident that business would bring continued prosperity.
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One sign that the economy might be weakening in the 1920s was
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uneven distribution of national wealth.
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A major environmental crisis of the 1930s was known as
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the Dust Bowl.
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In 1933, the Twenty-first Amendment brought an end to
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Prohibition.
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The 1932 presidential election between Hoover and FDR served as a turning point in the way Americans viewed
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the responsibilities of the federal government.
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A fundamental disagreement between the candidates in the 1932 presidential election concerned whether or not
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the federal government should try to fix people’s problems.
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After the Crash, thousands of American banks closed, because they
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could not return depositors’ money.
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To get the Bonus Army marchers to leave the capital, General MacArthur
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used force.
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New Deal agencies still endure today except the
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Civilian Conservation Corps.
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Which was part of American policy during the early years of World War II?
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remaining neutral while making war supplies available to Britain
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What prompted the United States to enter the war in 1941?
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the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
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Joseph Stalin dominated the Soviet Union using the tactics of
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terror and purges.
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The Axis Powers were named for the “axis” between which two European capitals?
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Berlin and Rome
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Nazism was an extreme form of
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fascism.
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Hitler used which of the following military strategies when invading Poland?
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a blitzkrieg
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Who inspired the British people to resist the German invasion?
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Winston Churchill
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Which militant Japanese general became prime minister in October of 1941?
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Tojo Hideki
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Shortly after Congress passed a war declaration on Japan, which other two countries declared war on the United States?
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Italy and Germany
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What led the government to evacuate Japanese Americans from the West Coast?
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long-held prejudice, and fears inflamed by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
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The United States began to emerge from the depression as a result of
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producing goods for the Allied forces.
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The Germans were finally halted in their advance into the Soviet Union at
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the Battle of Stalingrad.
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The Battle of the Bulge was
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the largest battle fought in Western Europe during World War II.
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The Allies sunk all four Japanese carriers and 250 planes at
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the Battle of Midway.
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Through their island-hopping strategy, the Allies put themselves in a position to
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bomb Japan.
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The goal of the Manhattan Project was to
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develop an atomic bomb.
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During World War II, many Japanese Americans were interned, or
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confined to camps in isolated areas
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After the war, women were expected to
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leave their jobs and return home.
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Which of the following took place on D-Day?
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the landing of Allied forces on France’s Normandy coast
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What finally brought an end to World War II?
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the dropping of atomic bombs by the United States on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
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An important strategy used by American forces in the Pacific was
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island hopping.
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Martin Luther King, Jr., targeted Birmingham, Alabama, for demonstrations because he considered it
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the most segregated city in the country.
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After watching television coverage of the brutal tactics used against protesters by the Birmingham police, even opponents of the civil rights movement were
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appalled by the police violence.
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Participants in the 1963 March on Washington hoped to
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convince Congress to pass civil rights legislation.
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The black power movement taught that African Americans should
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separate from white society and lead their own communities.
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In which state did Freedom Riders encounter violent resistance?
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Alabama
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Which was a highlight of the March on Washington?
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Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech
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What did Malcolm X encourage African Americans to do?
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to separate themselves from white society
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The Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education ended
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the “separate but equal” doctrine
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Martin Luther King, Jr., influenced by Gandhi, believed in
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nonviolent protest.
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The Black Panthers wanted African Americans to
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lead their own communities.
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Which of the following leaders were assassinated in 1968?
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Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert Kennedy
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What did President Truman promise in the Truman Doctrine?
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to support nations trying to resist Soviet control.
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How did the Soviet Union react to the Marshall Plan?
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The Soviet Union refused to participate in the plan.
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The Berlin airlift was President Truman’s response to the
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Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
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What was the outcome of the Korean War?
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Korea remained divided at almost exactly the same place as before the war.
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What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?
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He encouraged a widespread fear of communism.
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As a result of the Korean War, the United States succeeded in
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keeping South Korea free of communism.
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For nearly 50 years, the Cold War was characterized by
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political conflict and military tensions.
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What was one goal of the Marshall Plan?
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to create stable democracies that could resist communism
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Which of the following brought the United States and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war?
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the Cuban Missile Crisis
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The policy of making the military power of the United States and its allies so strong that no enemy would dare attack it for fear of retaliation is known as
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deterrence.
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What did the Warren Commission decide about the Kennedy assassination?
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Kennedy was killed by one man who had worked alone
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As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis,
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the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba.
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People who opposed fighting the war on moral or religious grounds were known as
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conscientious objectors.
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Tensions between students who opposed the war and National Guardsmen resulted in four deaths at
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Kent State.
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Herbicides such as Agent Orange were used mainly to
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expose Viet Cong hiding places
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Why did Nixon resign?
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to avoid impeachment due to Watergate
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On September 11, 2001, terrorists hijacked planes and flew them into the
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World Trade Center towers and the Pentagon.
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Weeks after 9/11/2001, American forces landed in which country to fight the Taliban and search for Osama bin Laden?
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Iraq
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Which of the following was part of the New Deal legacy?
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a restored sense of hope among the people
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The complicated Allied invasion to take Europe back from the Axis Powers began
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on D-Day.
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