Abnormal Psychology Test 1

Front 1

An experimental design, often involving a single subject, wherein a baseline period (a) is followed by a treatment (b). To confirm that the treatment resulted in a change in behavior, the treatment is then withdrawn (A) and reinstated (B)

Back 1

ABAB design

Front 2

Maladaptive behavior detrimental to an individual and/or a group

Back 2

Abnormal Behavior

Front 3

Term used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense symptoms

Back 3

Acute

Front 4

Studies in which a researcher attemps to emulate the conditions hypothesized as leading to abnormality

Back 4

Analogue Studies

Front 5

Historically, these were institutions meant solely for the care of the mentally ill

Back 5

Asylums

Front 6

A theoretical viewpoint organizaed about the theme that learning is central in determinng human behavior.

Back 6

Behavioral perspective

Front 7

School of psychology that formerly restricted itself primarlity to the study of overt behavior

Back 7

behaviorism

Front 8

An in-depth examination of an individual or family that draws from a number of data sources, including interviews and psychological testing

Back 8

case study

Front 9

Discharge of emotional tension associated with something, such as by talking about past traumas.

Back 9

catharsis

Front 10

Term used to desribe a long-standing or frequently recurring disorder, often with progressing seriousness.

Back 10

chronic

Front 11

A basic form of learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus (US) that naturally elecits an unconditioned response (UR). After repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) that elicits a conditioned response (CR)

Back 11

Classical conditioning

Front 12

Occurrence of two or more identified disorders in teh same psychologically disordered individual

Back 12

comorbidity

Front 13

Group of subjects who do not exhibit the disorder being studied but who are comparable in all other respects to the criterion grop. Also, a comparison group of subjects who do not receive a condition or treatment the effects of which are being studied.

Back 13

comparison or control group

Front 14

Group of subjects who exhibit the disorder under study

Back 14

criterion group

Front 15

Movement to close mental hospitals and treat people with severe mental disorders in teh community.

Back 15

deinstitutionalization

Front 16

In an experiment, the factor that is observed to change with changes in the manipulated (independent) variables.

Back 16

dependent variable

Front 17

Method of collecting research data that involved directly observing behavior in a given situation

Back 17

direct observation

Front 18

Method involving the recording, description, and interpretation of a patient's dreams

Back 18

dream analysis

Front 19

Study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-related behaviors in a given population.

Back 19

epidemiology

Front 20

Religiously inspired treatment procedure designed to drive out evil spirits or forces from a "possessed" person.

Back 20

exorcism

Front 21

Research that involves the manipulation of a given factor or variable with everthing else held constant.

Back 21

Experimental Research

Front 22

The clustering of certain traits, behaviors or disorders within a given family. _____ ___ may arize behavor of genetic or environmental similarities

Back 22

Family aggregation

Front 23

Method for proding the unconscious by having patients talk frrely about themselves, their feelings, and their motives.

Back 23

free association

Front 24

Orrurrene (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population

Back 24

Incidence

Front 25

Factor whose effects are being examined and that is manipulated in some way while other variables are held constant

Back 25

Independent variable

Front 26

Assigning a person to a particular diagnostic category, such as schizophrenia

Back 26

Labeling

Front 27

The proportion of living persons in a population who have ever had a disorder up to the time of the epidemiological assessment.

Back 27

lifetime prevalence

Front 28

Historically, widespread occurrene of group behavior disorders that were apparently cases of hysteria.

Back 28

mass madness

Front 29

Movement that advocated a method of treatment focused almost exclusively on the physical well-being of hospitalized mental patients

Back 29

mental hygiene movement

Front 30

Theories of "animal magnetism" (hypnosis) formulated by Anton Mesmer

Back 30

mesmerism

Front 31

Wide-ranging method of treatment that focuses on a patient's social, individual, and occupational needs.

Back 31

Moral management

Front 32

Group of physicians in nineteenth-century Europe who accepted the view that hysteria was a sort of self-hypnosis

Back 32

Nancy School

Front 33

A relationship between two variables such that a high score on one variable is associated with a low score on another variable

Back 33

Negative correlation

Front 34

a formalized naming system

Back 34

Nomenclature

Front 35

In contrast to exprimental research (which involves manipulating variables in some way and seeing what happens), in observational researcher simply observes or assesses the characteristics of different groups, learning about them without manipulating the conditions to which theyr are exposed. Sometimes called correlational research, although the former is the preferred term.

Back 35

Observational Research

Front 36

The number of cases of a specific condition or disorders that are documented in a population within a 1-year period

Back 36

One-year prevalence

Front 37

Form of learning in which if a particular response is reinforced, it becomes more likely to be repeated on similar occasions.

Back 37

Operant conditioning

Front 38

The number of cases of cases of a specific condition or disorder that can be found in a population at one gievn point in time.

Back 38

Point Prevalence

Front 39

A relationship between two variables such that a high score on one variables is associated with a high score on another variable.

Back 39

Positive Correlation

Front 40

In a population, the proportion of active cases of a disorder that can be indentified at a given point in, or during a given period of time.

Back 40

Prevalence

Front 41

Method that often focuses on individuals who have a higher-than-average likelihhood of becoming psychologically disordered before abnormal behavior is observd

Back 41

Prospetive stretegy

Front 42

Methods freud used to study and treat patients

Back 42

Psychoanalysis

Front 43

Theory of psychopathology, initially developed by Freud, that emphasizes the inner dynamics of unconscious motives.

Back 43

Psychoanalytic perspective

Front 44

Method of trying to uncover the probable causes of abnormal behavior by looking backward from the present.

Back 44

Retrospective strategy pg 18

Front 45

The process of selecting a representative subgroup from a defined population of interest

Back 45

Sampling pg 24

Front 46

Data collected directly from participants, typically by means of interviews or questionnaires.

Back 46

Self-report data

Front 47

an experimental research deign (e.g. an ABAB deisgn) that involves only one subject

Back 47

Single case research design

Front 48

The tendency to jump to conclusion (often negative) about what a person is like based on beliefs about that group that exist (often incoorectly) in the culture (e.g. frech people are rude, homosexuals have good states in clothes, mental patients are dangerous, etc)

Back 48

Sterotyping

Front 49

Negative labeling

Back 49

Stigma

Front 50

The psychoanalytic theory, a major partion of the mind, which consits of a hidden mass of instrincts, impluses, and memories and is not easily available to conscious awareness yet plays an important role in behavior

Back 50

Unconscious

Front 51

title of chapter

Back 51

Casual Factors

Front 52

contemporary psycho-dynamic emphasising the importance of early experience with attachment relationships in laying the foudation for later functioning throughout life

Back 52

Attachment theory

Front 53

Process of assigning causes to things that happen

Back 53

Attributions

Front 54

a viewpoint that acknowledges the interacting roles of biological psychosocial and sociocultural factors in the origin of psychopathology

Back 54

Biopsychosocial viewpoint

Front 55

A theory of abnormal behavior that focuses on how thoughts and information processing can become distorted and lead to maladaptive emotions and behavior

Back 55

cognitive-behavioral perspective

Front 56

View of abnormal behavior as the result of stress operating on an individual who has a biological, psychosocial, or sociocultrual predisposition to developing a specific disorder

Back 56

diathesis-stress models

Front 57

Causal pattern of abnormal behavior

Back 57

Etiology

Front 58

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands that regulate development of and activity in various parts of the body.

Back 58

Hormones

Front 59

a condition that must exist for a disorder to occur

Back 59

necessary cause

Front 60

learning through observation aloe without directly experiencing an unconditioned stimulus for classical conditoning) or a reinforcement (for instrumental conditoning)

Back 60

observational learning

Front 61

The process rewarding desired responses

Back 61

reinforcement

Front 62

An underlying representation of knowledge that guides current processing of information and often leads to distortions in attention, memory, and comprehension

Back 62

schema

Front 63

A condition that guarantees the occurrence of a disorder

Back 63

sufficient cause

Front 64

Pattern of emotional and arousal responses and characteristic ways of self-regulation that are considered to be primarily herediatry or constritutional.

Back 64

temperament

Front 65

term used to describe a disorder of sudden onset, usually with intense symptoms

Back 65

Acute

Front 66

drugs that are used primarily for alleviating anxiety

Back 66

Anti-anxiety drugs

Front 67

drugs that are used primarily to elevate mood and relieve depression. Often also used in treatment of certain anxiety disorders, bulimia, and certai personality disorders

Back 67

antidepressant drugs

Front 68

Medications that alleviate or diminish the intensity of psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations or delusions

Back 68

anti-psychotic drugs
(neuroleptics)

Front 69

use of therapeutic procedures based primarily on principles of classical and operant conditioning

Back 69

behavior therapy

Front 70

Term used to describe a long-standing or frequently recurring disorder, often with progressing seriousness.

Back 70

chronic

Front 71

Non directive approach to psychotherapy, developed chiefly by carl rogers, that focuses on the natural power of the organism to heal tiself;a key goal is to help clients accept and be themselves

Back 71

client-centered therapy

Front 72

therapy based on altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions

Back 72

cognitive/cognitive-behavioral therapy

Front 73

Radiological technique used to locate and assess the extent of organic damage to the brain without surgery

Back 73

computerized axial tomography
(CAT SCAN)

Front 74

psycho-dynamic concept that the therapist brings personal issues, based on his or her own vulnerabilities and contrlicts, the the therapeutic relationship

Back 74

countertransference

Front 75

Abnormal brain wave pattern

Back 75

dysrhythmia

Front 76

Graphical record of the brain's electrical activity, obtained by placing electrodes on the scalp and measuring the brain wave impulses from barious brain areas

Back 76

Electroencephalogram EEG

Front 77

term used to describe a disorder that tends to abate and recur

Back 77

episodic

Front 78

Method for probing the unconscious by having patients talk freely about themselves, their feelings, and their motives

Back 78

free association

Front 79

Internal scanning technique that measures changed in loval exyenation (blood flow) to specific areas of brain tissue that in tuen depend on neuronal activity in those specific regaions, allowing the mapping of psychological activity such as sensations, images, and thoughts.

Back 79

functional MRI (FMRI)

Front 80

Time taken from the level of a active druge or medication in the body to be reduced to 50 percent of the original level

Back 80

Half-life

Front 81

Form of exposure therapy that does not involve a real stimulus. Instead, the patient is asked to imagine the feared stimulus or situation.

Back 81

imaginal exposure

Front 82

Internal scanning technique involving measurement of vatiations in magnetic fields that allows visualization of the anatomical features of internal organs, including teh central nervous system and particularly the brain.

Back 82

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Front 83

Widely used and empirically validaed personality scales.

Back 83

MMPI

Front 84

Surgery of the nervous system, especially the brain

Back 84

Neurosurgery

Front 85

structured tests such as questionnaires, self-inventories, or rating scales used in psychological assessment

Back 85

objective tests

Front 86

A syptom, disorder, request, or concern expressed by the person seeking care.

Back 86

presenting problem

Front 87

techniques that use various ambiquous stimuli that a subject is encouraged to interpret and from which the subject's personality characteristics can be analyzed

Back 87

projective tests

Front 88

Science of determinnig which drugs alleviate which disorders and why they do so

Back 88

psychopharmacology

Front 89

Treatment of mental disorders by psychological methods

Back 89

psychotherapy

Front 90

Formal structure for organizing information obtained from clinical observation and self-reports to encourage reliability and objectivity

Back 90

rating scales

Front 91

term used to desribe a disorder pattern that tends to come and go

Back 91

recurrent

Front 92

Degree to which a measureing decide produces the same result each time it is used to measure the same thing, or when two or more different raters use it.

Back 92

reliability

Front 93

use of ten inkblot pictures to which a subject responds with associations that come to mind. Analysis of these responses enables a clinician to infer personality characteristics

Back 93

Rorschach test

Front 94

Projective technique utilizing incompete sentences that a person is to complete, analysis of which enables a clinician to infer personality dymnamics.

Back 94

sentence completion test

Front 95

Method involving the recording, description, and interpreation of a patient's dreams

Back 95

Dream analysis

Front 96

study of the distribution of diseases, disorders, or health-releated behaviors in a geiven population. Mental health epidemiology is the study of the distribution of mental disorders

Back 96

epidemiology

Front 97

Religiously inspired treatment procedure designed to drive out evil spirits or forces from a "possessed" person

Back 97

exorcism

Front 98

The clustering of certain traits, behaviors, or disorders within a given family. family aggregation may arise because of genetic or environmental similarities.

Back 98

family aggregation

Front 99

Occurence (onset) rate of a given disorder in a given population

Back 99

incidence

Front 100

the proportion of living persons in a population who have ever had a disorder up to the time of the epidemiological assessment.

Back 100

life time prevalence

Front 101

a relationship between two variables such that a high score on one variable is associated with a low score on another variable.

Back 101

negative correlation

Front 102

the number of cases of a specific condition or disorder than can be found in a population at one given point in time.

Back 102

point prevalence

Front 103

Methods Freud used to study and treat patients

Back 103

Psychoanalysis

Front 104

Theory of psychopathology, intially developed by Frued, that emphasized the inner dymnamiccs of uncinscious motives

Back 104

Psychoanalytic perspective